Which would be the best emulsifier of soil if soft water (no Ca2+ ions, Mg2+ ions,...

Which would be the best emulsifier of soil if soft water (no Ca²⁺ ions, Mg²⁺ ions, and so on) were used?

a. A soap.

b. A detergent.

c. Both would be about the same.

Explain your answer: ________________________________

Expert Solution

Soap would be the best emulsifier for soft water. hard water contains dissolved Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² ions. Soap being sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid, forms insolunle salts of Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² . Hence lather is not produced. Due to this cleansing action is not effective. Since soft water does not contain these ions it forms lather consisting of a large number of soap molecules associated to form micelles. Micelles are formed around dirt or oily particles with the hydrophilic part ot the polar part (Na⁺ or K⁺ part)of soap pointing outside and hydrophobic part attached to dirt. When the cloth is rinsed in water lather gets separated cleaning the cloth thereby. However in hard water, due to the presence of Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² ions, soap forms insoluble salts of these ions hence a large amount of soap is wasted. Detergents could be used if the water is hard as they do not form insoluble salts with the ions of hard water.

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

Hard water often contains dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. One way to soften water is to...

Hard water often contains dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. One way to soften water is to add phosphates. The phosphate ion forms insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions, removing them from solution. Suppose that a solution is 0.049 M in calcium chloride and 0.094 M in magnesium nitrate. What mass of sodium phosphate would have to be added to 1.4 L of this solution to completely eliminate the hard water ions? Assume complete reaction. Enter a numerical answer in...

1. Which of the following ions will react with water in a hydrolysis reaction: Na+, Ca2+,...

1. Which of the following ions will react with water in a hydrolysis reaction: Na+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, F-, SO32-, Br- 2. For those ions in question 1 that undergo hydrolysis, write net ionic equations for the hydrolysis reaction(s). 3. The Ka for HCN is 4.9x10-10. What is the value of Kb for CN-? Write the 2 equilibrium expressions and chemical equations. 4. What are the conjugate base and conjugate acid of H2PO4-? Look up the different Ka values for...

1. The results of a water analysis are as follows: Ca2+ = 70 mg/L Mg2+ =...

1. The results of a water analysis are as follows: Ca2+ = 70 mg/L Mg2+ = 9.7 mg/L Na+ = 6.9 mg/L K + = 0.1 mg/L Cl- = 10.6 mg/L SO4 2- = 96.0 mg/L HCO3 - = 140.3 mg/L 1) Is this an acceptable analysis? Why or why not? 2) Draw a millequivalent bar graph showing meq/L for a cation and anion balance. 3) What dose of lime and soda ash would be required to treat this water...

Sea water contains many solutes, Ca2+ and Mg2+ among them. A sample of seawater has a...

Sea water contains many solutes, Ca2+ and Mg2+ among them. A sample of seawater has a Ca2+ concentration of 0.070M and Mg2+ concentration of 0.050M. Assume that Ca2+ and Mg2+ are the only reactive species in this experiment. a) Which ion will precipitate first if solid NaOH is added. Assume constant volume and a temperature of 25oC. b) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration at the point when each hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2) begins to precipitate. c) If the first species...

Suppose the mole number of Ca2+ ions in a 50 mL water sample is quantified as...

Suppose the mole number of Ca2+ ions in a 50 mL water sample is quantified as 1.5 × 10−5 mol. What is the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the water sample in ppm CaCO3?

Zeolite A, Na12[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12] · 27H2O, is used to soften water by replacing Ca2+ and Mg2+ with...

Zeolite A, Na12[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12] · 27H2O, is used to soften water by replacing Ca2+ and Mg2+ with Na+. Hard water from a certain source is 4.20 × 10−3M Ca2+ and 8.20 × 10−4M Mg2+, and a pipe delivers 2.20 × 104 L of this hard water per day. What mass (in kg) of zeolite A is needed (in kg) to soften a day's supply of the water? (Assume zeolite A loses its capacity to exchange ions when 85.0% mol of its...

Water softeners remove metal ions such as Ca2+ and Fe3+ by replacing them with enough Na+...

Water softeners remove metal ions such as Ca2+ and Fe3+ by replacing them with enough Na+ ions to maintain the same number of positive charges in the solution. If 5.5*103 L of hard water is 0.015 M Ca2+ and 0.0010 M of Fe3+ , how many moles of Na+ are needed to replace these ions?

A chemical analysis of a surface water yields the following data: Ion Concentration (mg/L) Ca2+ 90 Mg2+...

A chemical analysis of a surface water yields the following data: Ion Concentration (mg/L) Ca2+ 90 Mg2+ 30 Na+ 72 K+ 6 Cl- 120 SO42- 225 HCO3- 165 pH 7.5 What concentration of Cl- (mg/L) would make the cations and anions balance?

Produce a diagram explaining the reabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ at the proximal tubule of a...

Produce a diagram explaining the reabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ at the proximal tubule of a nephron. Are these processes examples of paracellular or transcellular transport? What is the driving force that maintains these transport mechanisms?

A. Approximate Molarity of Calcium Ions (Ca2+ (aq)) in Tap Water is 2.99 x 10^-3 M....

A. Approximate Molarity of Calcium Ions (Ca2+ (aq)) in Tap Water is 2.99 x 10^-3 M. 1- How many moles of Calcium Ions are present in 25 mL? 2- How many grams of calcium ions are present in 25 mL? B. Approximate ppm of Calcium Ions (Ca2+ (aq)) in Tap Water is 120 ppm. 1- How many grams of Calcium Ions are present In 1,000,000 mL based on the concentration determined in ppm? 2- How many grams of Calcium Ions are...

Question