Question

Investigators interested in the association between serum vitamin D levels and various birth outcomes recruited pregnant mothers to have a blood draw during the second trimester of their pregnancy. Mothers were followed until they gave birth. The health outcomes were compared among mothers with low, adequate, and high vitamin D levels.

A) Describe the study as to its particular sampling method.

B) Describe a risk measurement that you think would be most appropriate to compare the groups, and justify your choice.

Choose the most appropriate option

		Option 1 a. Cross-sectional or naturalistic b. Odd-ratio
		Option 2                   a. Cohort b. Relative risk
		Option 3    a.Odds-Ratio b.Chi-square

Answer 1

ANSWER::

a)This is the case of prospective study or follow up study.

A prospective study watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease, during the study period and relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factor(s). The study usually involves taking a cohort of subjects and watching them over a long period.

Here the mothers were followed up until birth and their outcomes were studied subjected to factor Vitamin D.

B) OPTION 3 IS CORRECT ANSWER

Odds ratio is an appropriate method to compare the groups

An odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure.

The odds of birth outcome among mothers with low vitamin D level are compared with the odds of outcome among other two levels.

Similary for the next two.

If OR>1 then there is association between vitamin D levels and birth outcomes

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