Question

"because the purpose of business is to create a customer, the business enterprise has two--and only two--basic functions: marketing and iinovation.marketing and innovation produce results; all the rest are costs. marketing is the distinguishing, unique function of the business" Peter Drucker

1-draw a conceptual framework that determines the relationship between variables (dependent, independent, intervening, moderating)

Answer 1

A variable is a symbol or a concept that can assume any one of a set of values (Davis & Cosenza, 1985). Variables are of various types, some of them are given as follows:

A Dependant Variable is the variable of primary interest to the researcher (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010) because the main objective of the reserachre is to improve it or explain it.

An Independant Variable is one which affects or influences or contributes to the performance of the Direct Variable. The Independant Variable accounts for the change of the Dependant Variable. With each unit of increase in the Independant Variable there is an increase or decrease of the Dependant Variable. The influence of Independant Variable on the Dependant Variable may be positive or negative.

An Intervening variable has a time dimension to the Independant variable in a situation. It helps to explain the relationship between the Independant Variable and the Dependant Variable. First, independent variable activates (time 1), then intervening variable activates (time 2). Then dependent variable will activate (time 3).

A moderator variable is a variable that affects the strength of the relationship between a dependent and independent variable.In a causal relationship, if x is the predictor variable and y is the soultion variable, then z is the moderator variable that affects the casual relationship of x and y. Most of the moderator variables measure causal relationship using regression coefficient. The moderator variable, if found to be significant, can cause an amplifying or weakening effect between x and y.