Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Scenario: DW is a 65-year-old, 135 kg male who visited his primary care physician for a...

Scenario: DW is a 65-year-old, 135 kg male who visited his primary care physician for a routine examination. His blood pressure was 158/100 mmHg and his heart rate was 71 bpm. Stroke volume and cardiac output were normal. Serum renin levels were in the normal range. A chest x-ray revealed left ventricular hypertrophy. Other clinical findings were unremarkable.

describe the following terms related to cardiovascular physiology, and explain where they occur in the cardiac cycle. (Do not describe them related to this patient. Just describe and explain them for normal physiology): preload, end-diastolic volume, contractility, turbulent flow, venous return

Why is the case talking about ventricular hypertrophy rather than atrial hypertrophy?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Preoload -Preload is the initial streching of the cardiac muscle before contraction.It occurs when ventriclar blood filling (venous return) increases as a result it also increases the end diastolic pressure and volume of the venrticle. Therefore,it facilitates streching of cardiac muscles and increase in preload.

End-diastolic volume -End-diastolic volume represnts the volume of blood present in right and left ventricle at diastole (filling of blood) or the voulme of blood present in ventricles before the systole starts.

Contractility -It represents the innate ability of cardiac muscles to produce change in the forces during contraction.It happens to occur when heart contracts to facilitate systole .Due to contractile nature of heart, it ejects the higher volume of blood at higher filling pressures.

Turbulent flow - The turbulent flow of blood occurs when velocities of blood exceeds the threshold.It occurs at the aorta region,vascular bifurcation and at lower region of stenosis.

Venous return - Venous return is the flow of blood in the right atrium from the peripheral back region(systemic venous resevoir) of heart. It represent the cardiac out when the ventricle and pulmonary flow remains normal.

Ventricular Hypertrophy refers to the abnormal enlargement of the ventricles which occurs when blood pressure within the ventricles increases due to systolic pressure increase which is 158 in this patient case (normal should 120),it occurs due to ejection of higher volume of blood at higher filling pressure in the ventricle.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago
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