Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. Describe the coverings of the heart and the layers of the heart wall. Which membrane...

1. Describe the coverings of the heart and the layers of the heart wall. Which membrane is

both a covering and part of the heart wall?

2. What causes the first and second heart sounds?

Expert Solution

Answer

1) Coverings and layers of the heart wall

Pericardium is the outer covering of the heart.

There are two type of pericardium :

a) Fibrous pericardium : The outermost covering of heart is fibrous pericardium that protects the heart and it also helps in keeping the heart in position.

b) Serous pericardium : It further consist of two layers : Parietal and Visceral

Parietal pericardium : It lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium
Visceral pericardium : It directly attaches to the wall of heart.
There is a cavity between parietal and visceral pericardium known as pericardial cavity. It contains pericardial fluid.

Layers of heart wall

a) Epicardium : Visceral pericardium is also known as epicardium. It is outer layer of heart wall.

b) Myocardium : It is the middle layer of heart wall consist cardiac muscle tissue responsible for contraction of the heart.

c) Endocardium : It is the innermost layer of the heart wall. It protects heart valves and chambers of the heart.

The membrane that is both a covering and part of the heart wall is : Visceral pericardium / Epicardium

2) Heart sounds

First heart sound (S1) : It occurs due to turbulence created by closure of atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid). It is also called "Lubb" sound.

Second heart sound (S2) : It occurs due to turbulence created by closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary). It is also called "Dubb" sound.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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