Although both type I and type II hypersensitivities involve antibodies as immune effectors, different mechanisms are...

Although both type I and type II hypersensitivities involve antibodies as immune effectors, different mechanisms are involved with these different hypersensitivities. Differentiate the two.

Expert Solution

Differentiation between type 1 and type 2 hypersensitivity.

Firstly we learn what is hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity or allergy occur when we are sensitized to an antigen, again comes in contact with same antigen .

This results in following reactions ,eventhough both type 1 and type 2 involves antibodies , their mechanism is different and the type of antibodies involved is different and they are differentiated below

Type -1 hypersensitivity reactions	Type -2 hypersensitivity reactions
1. A type 1 hypersensitivity is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction and is also called anaphylaxis	1.Type.- 2 hypersensitivity reaction is called cytotoxic hypersensitivity
2.This is mediated by IgE antibodies	2.This is mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies.
3.Mechanism : when we are exposed to an antigen , (allergen ) , antigen-specific IgE antibodies bind to and activates mast cells and basophills .which release their granular contents by degranulation . Deep explaination: IgE antibodies bind via their Fc receptors to mast cells ,when an antigen bind to it cross linking take place and results in degranulation.	3.Mechanism : when an antibody reacts with antigen on cell surface ,the cell is marked for destruction by number of ways ,this is usual procedure ,but in type 2 the antibodies are directed aganist self-antigen . Deep explaination: IgG or IgM binds to cellular antigen and results in complement fixation and cell lysis.
4.This results in release of mediators like histamine which constricts smooth muscle ,cause vasodilation and increase vascular permeability	4.The above action results in destruction of body's own tissues (auto immune disease)
5.Examples include local and systemic anaphylaxis . There is profound bronchoconstriction and shock due to extensive vasodilation .	5.Haemolytic diseases of new born and blood transfusion reactions are examples of type 2 hypersensitivity

Sydney Mullin answered 2 years ago

Please discuss/define what type II hypersensitivity is. What antibodies are involved? What is the immune system...

Please discuss/define what type II hypersensitivity is. What antibodies are involved? What is the immune system trying to recognize if the antigen is considered self or non-self? Discuss an example where this would come into effect.

while allergies are an example of type I hypersensitivities, there exist other hypersensitivities as well. Briefly...

while allergies are an example of type I hypersensitivities, there exist other hypersensitivities as well. Briefly describe type II, III, and IV hypersensitivities, including the immune component involved and how they result in overreaction of the immune system.

3. How do the mechanisms that cause Type I and Type II supernovae explain their observed...

3. How do the mechanisms that cause Type I and Type II supernovae explain their observed differences?

6. In class, we learned about both Type I and Type II diabetes. Both of these...

6. In class, we learned about both Type I and Type II diabetes. Both of these diseases are due to inappropriate and dysregulated immune responses. Although both of these diseases are due to failures in insulin signaling, the immune mechanisms in the two types of diabetes are quite different. Explain how the immune system contributes to disease in Type I vs. Type II diabetes, being clear about the differences in immunological pathways and elements in these two conditions.

Why are type IV hypersensitivities different from the other three types.

Please provide an example of both a Type I Error and Type II Error. Why is...

Please provide an example of both a Type I Error and Type II Error. Why is it that increasing the sample size reduces the probability of a Type II error to an acceptable level. Please discuss.

how do immune systems role in type 1 hypersensitivities. why do people not have any signs...

how do immune systems role in type 1 hypersensitivities. why do people not have any signs or symptoms upon first exposure to allergen?

Type I and Type II Errors . Please discuss Type I and Type II errors. What...

Type I and Type II Errors . Please discuss Type I and Type II errors. What are they? Discuss their relationship with hypothesis testing. Answer all parts of question!!! Do not plagiarize!! Write out the answer on here, don't post a picture of it! Answer must be long!

Provide one example each of both a Type I and Type II error that could occur...

Provide one example each of both a Type I and Type II error that could occur when running predictive engines relevant to sports betting. Which is likely to be more costly and why?

In Toxicity and Hypersensitivity, What are the differences between Types I, II,III, and IV hypersensitivities including

In Toxicity and Hypersensitivity, What are the differences between Types I, II,III, and IV hypersensitivities including why they occur and cells (mechanisms) they utilize

Question