Although both type I and type II hypersensitivities involve antibodies as immune effectors, different mechanisms are...

Although both type I and type II hypersensitivities involve antibodies as immune effectors, different mechanisms are involved with these different hypersensitivities. Differentiate the two.

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Expert Solution

Differentiation between type 1 and type 2 hypersensitivity.

Firstly we learn what is hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity or allergy occur when we are sensitized to an antigen, again comes in contact with same antigen .

This results in following reactions ,eventhough both type 1 and type 2 involves antibodies , their mechanism is different and the type of antibodies involved is different and they are differentiated below

Type -1 hypersensitivity reactions	Type -2 hypersensitivity reactions
1. A type 1 hypersensitivity is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction and is also called anaphylaxis	1.Type.- 2 hypersensitivity reaction is called cytotoxic hypersensitivity
2.This is mediated by IgE antibodies	2.This is mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies.
3.Mechanism : when we are exposed to an antigen , (allergen ) , antigen-specific IgE antibodies bind to and activates mast cells and basophills .which release their granular contents by degranulation . Deep explaination: IgE antibodies bind via their Fc receptors to mast cells ,when an antigen bind to it cross linking take place and results in degranulation.	3.Mechanism : when an antibody reacts with antigen on cell surface ,the cell is marked for destruction by number of ways ,this is usual procedure ,but in type 2 the antibodies are directed aganist self-antigen . Deep explaination: IgG or IgM binds to cellular antigen and results in complement fixation and cell lysis.
4.This results in release of mediators like histamine which constricts smooth muscle ,cause vasodilation and increase vascular permeability	4.The above action results in destruction of body's own tissues (auto immune disease)
5.Examples include local and systemic anaphylaxis . There is profound bronchoconstriction and shock due to extensive vasodilation .	5.Haemolytic diseases of new born and blood transfusion reactions are examples of type 2 hypersensitivity

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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