Following are the
mechanical properties in engineering materials :-
- Ductility - it is the property by virtue of
which a material can be drawn into wires. e.g - mild steel is drawn
into wires.
- plasticity - it is the property by virtue of
which a material can be deformed into permanent shape. e.g-
Coining.
- Malleability - it is the property by virtue of
which a material can be transformed into sheet. e.g - G.I
sheet.
- Stiffness - it is the ability of a material to
resist permanent deformation against external load. it is the
measurement of elasticity of the material.
- Toughness - the ability of a material to
resist impact load. it is the energy stored per unit volume of a
material before failure. e.g - impact strength of a material.
Toughness of a material decreases with increase in
temperature.
- Hardness - The ability of a material to resist
indentation on material. there are several tests which measure
hardness of a material - Brinell hardness test, Rockwell
hardness, Vicker's hardness test.
- Creep - If a material is subjected to constant
stress at high temperature consistently, this failure is called
Creep. The ability of a material to avoid this failure is called
Creep strength. e.g
- Steam turbine blades, Internal Combustion engine parts are
subjected to Creep failure.
- Elasticity - it is the property by virtue of
which a material brings back to it's initial state after the
removal of external load. Steel is more elastic than rubber.
Modulus of elasticity (E) is the measurement of it's elasticity.
Higher the "E" value , more the elastic material.
Reference of above information - Mechanics of Materials by Dr. B.C.
Punmia & Strength of Materials by S.S.
Bhavikatti.