Question

The final product of the Calvin Cycle (the product that EXITS the Calvin Cycle, assuming successful carboxylation) is

		3-phosphoglycerate
		glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
		Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
		sucrose
		starch

To be in an active state, several enzymes of the Calvin Benson cycle require

		An oxidizing environment to create disulfide bridges (-S-S-)
		An oxidizing environment to break disulfide bridges (-SH, -SH)
		A reducing environment to create disulfide bridges (-S-S-)
		A reducing environment to break disulfide bridge (-SH, -SH)

The dry-weight mass of a plant (the weight of plant solids after water is removed) is from

		Nutrients absorbed form the soil
		Water absorbed from the soil
		Carbon dioxide absorbed from the soil
		Carbon dioxide absorbed from the air
		Water absorbed from the air

Which statement is correct

		Blue light (λ = 420 nm) has more energy than red
		Blue light (λ = 680 nm) has more energy than red
		Red light (λ = 420 nm) has more energy than blue
		Red light (λ = 680 nm) has more energy than blue

  

The antennae complexes of photosynthesis gather light energy and channel it toward (choose ALL that apply)

		Photosystem I
		Photosystem II
		Cytochrome b6f
		Plastoquinone/plastiquinol
		ATPase

Assuming linear electron flow from H₂O to NADP⁺
(i.e., the Z-scheme) what is the theoretical minimum number of photons required to produce one molecule of O₂ evolved (remember each water release a pair of electrons, it takes 2 H₂O to produce O₂)?

		4
		8
		12
		10
		16

  

During CYCLIC electron flow, electrons from ferrodoxin are transferred to

		Ferrodoxin NADP reductase
		Photosystem II
		Water
		Cytochrome b6f
		ATPase

What the heck am I talking about when I say “Reduction of plastoquinone to plastoquinol occurs on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane, and oxidation of plastoquinol back to plastoquinone occurs on the lumen side of the thylakoid membrane”? This describes:

		The proton motive force being used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP
		Splitting water (H2O) into molecular oxygen (O2), 4 H+, and 4 e-
		Using the proton motive force to move electrons across the membrane
		Moving electrons down an energy gradient to move protons up a concentration gradient
		Excitation of electrons in chlorophyll of photosystem I and II to initiate photochemistry

The Calvin-Benson cycle takes place predominantly in the

		In the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells
		In the stroma of chloroplast
		In the lumen of chloroplasts
		Across the plasma membrane of the mesophyll cells
		Across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts

Put the following in the correct order for linear photosynthesis (the Z-scheme)

  

CF-type ATPase

  

Plastoquinone/plastiquinol

  

Photosystem II

  

Photosystem I

Cytochrome b6f

  

Plastocyanin

Answer 1

QUESTION: The final product of the Calvin Cycle is

Answer : glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

Explanation:

Q. To be in an active state, several enzymes of the Calvin Benson cycle require

Ans. A reducing environment to break disulfide bridge (-SH, -SH)

Explanation:

Light controls the function of all Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes including rubisco through the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system, that contains ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase, ferredoxin and thioredoxin. In dark the enzymes get deactivated by reverse of reduction pathway. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) convert reduced thioredoxin (-SH HS-) to the oxidized state (-S-S-), that leds to converts the reduced enzyme to the oxidized state, causes in loss of catalytic activity.

Q. The dry-weight mass of a plant (the weight of plant solids after water is removed) is from

Ans. Carbon dioxide absorbed from the air

Q. Which statement is correct

Ans. Blue light (λ = 420 nm) has more energy than red

Explanation:

The amount of photon energy is directly proportional to its electromagnetic frequency and inversely proportional to the wavelength. Therefore, blue light with shorter wavelength have more energy than red with longer wavelegth.

Q. The antennae complexes of photosynthesis gather light energy and channel it toward

Ans. Photosystem II

Explanation:

The antenna complex is an arrangement of protein as well as chlorophyll molecules fixed in the plant thylakoid membrane, that transfer light energy to chlorophyll a molecule at the photosystem reaction center.

Q. Assuming linear electron flow from H2O to NADP+
(i.e., the Z-scheme) what is the theoretical minimum number of photons required to produce one molecule of O2 evolved (remember each water release a pair of electrons, it takes 2 H2O to produce O2)?

Ans. 8

Explanation:

​In theory, minimum quantum required for photosynthesis is 8 photons to produce each oxygen molecule evolved (4 photons required by photosystem II and 4 by photosystem I).

Q. During CYCLIC electron flow, electrons from ferrodoxin are transferred to

Ans. Cytochrome b6f

Explanation:

feredoxin transfer electron back to cytochrome complex, electron is recycled and ATP is produced instead of NADPH and result in more ATP than NADPH.

Q. The Calvin-Benson cycle takes place predominantly in the

Ans. stroma of the chloroplast—the place where Calvin cycle reactions take place and sugar is synthesized.

Q. Put the following in the correct order for linear photosynthesis (the Z-scheme)

Ans. Photosystem II Plastoquinone/plastiquinol Cytochrome b6f Plastocyanin Photosystem I CF-type ATPase

Explanation