Question

1. A testable prediction about behavior is known as a

a. theory

b. hypothesis

c. hunch

d. construct

2. Deceiving participants in a psychological study is ________.

a. not addressed as an issue of concern by most Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

b. characteristic of most experiments

c. never allowed

d. allowed so long as participants will not be harmed and the knowledge gained clearly outweighs the use of dishonesty

3. The purpose of ethical guidelines in psychological research is to:

a. improve the chances of getting significant results.

b. develop more efficient laboratory procedures.

c. protect the rights of human and animal subjects.

d. make sure that the results can be repeated elsewhere.

4. Suppose Barry is a research participant and wants to withdraw from the study once it has began. Is he allowed to do so, according to American Psychological Association ethical guidelines?

a. it depends on what the given researcher wants to do

b. yes

c. it depends on Barry's reason for why he wants to terminate the study

d. no

5. A _____ is a general explanation about some event or phenomenon that interests us.

a. construct

b. prediction

c. theory

d. hypothesis

6. After completing an experiment that involved a confederate in which participants thought that their memory was being tested, the real study's purpose was explained. This illustrates the ethical principle of

a. protection declaration.

b. debriefing.

c. informed consent.

d. institutional review.

7. A researcher uses a different tone of voice while speaking to groups of participants in a problem-solving study. She speaks encouragingly to students in a class for the gifted, and with a discouraging voice to a remedial class. This shows the experimental bias of:

a. randomization.

b. experimenter expectations.

c. the placebo effect.

d. the double-blind procedure.

8. When results of a study are statistically significant, they:

a. show that researchers have eliminated the various sources of bias.

b. have been judged to be real and therefore are unlikely a result of chance.

c. represent a difference in behavior, but the difference could be trivial.

d. will have a genuine impact on real-world problems.

9. Mitch wants to study how different levels of stress cause changes in academic performance. The dependent variable is

a. academic performance.

b. unknown.

c. stress level.

d. Confounded

10. Participants in an experiment who are treated just like everyone else but do not receive the treatment are a part of the

a. control group.

b. correlational group.

c. independent group.

d. Experimental group.

Answer 1

1-b- Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a tentative statement what the researcher predicts. There are mainly two types of hypothesis, null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.

2-c-Allowed so long as participants will not be harmed and the knowledge gained clearly outweighs the use of dishonesty

Most psychologists have concluded that deception is permissible, provided that two basic principles are followed. The first of these is known as informed consent, and requires that research participants be provided with information about all the events and procedures a study will involve before they agree to participate in it, and that they be informed that they are completely free to leave at any time.

The second principle is known as debriefing, and requires that research participants be given full information about all aspects of a study after they have participated in it. Debriefing ensures that participants in psychological research leave with a full understanding of its purpose, and that they receive any information that was temporarily withheld from them.

3-C- protect the rights of of human and animal subjects.

The main focus of any research is to protect the rights of subjects.

4-B- yes

Informed consent requires that research participants be provided with information about all the events and procedures a study will involve before they agree to participate in it, and that they be informed that they are completely free to leave at any time.