A 12 carbon fatty acid generates 6 molecules of acetyl CoA. How
many molecules of ATP can be generated from this fatty acid if you
consider the production all the way through the electron transport
chain?
How many molecules of acetyl-CoA, FADH2 and NADH, and
their corresponding electrons are produced from the beta-oxidation
of docosanoic acid? From the acetyl CoA produced, how many
molecules of FADH2 and NADH are produced? Overall, approximately
how many molecules of ATP will docosanoic acid ultimately
produce?
1. Myristoyl-CoA is a saturated fatty acid with 14 carbons
attached to coenzyme A. How many molecules of ATP would be
generated from the complete oxidation of a single molecule of
myristoyl-CoA? Important notes: Recall that the
investment of 2 ATP is required to generate Myristoyl-CoA from
myristate. Do not include these 2 ATP in your
calculations of ATP yield. Assume that each molecule of NADH
corresponds to 2.5 ATP synthesized, and each molecule of
FADH2 leads to 1.5 ATP...
Assuming that all the 14C-labeled Acetyl-CoA formed enters the
citric acid cycle at the same time, draw the citric acid cycle
intermediates up to and including malate, and indicate the position
of the 14C-label in each intermediate.
Compare how many ATP molecules can be maximally formed by the
breakdown of a glucose molecule in a cell lacking mitochondria, a
cell that has mitochondria with ion channels specific to protons in
its inner membrane, and a cell that has normal mitochondria.
Justifications for the calculations must be given and full
accounts of the calculations must be provided so that the number of
ATP molecules can be traced back to relevant reactions /
processes.
How many ATP molecules can be generated from one arachidic acid
(20:0) molecule? (Draw the arachidic acid structure and show how
you calculate your answer)
Five molecules of pryuvate are converted into acetyl CoA and
then further oxidized (to CO2) through the citric acid cycle.
please answer the following quetions:
a. how many molecules of NADH (+H+), FADH2, and GTP are produced
from oxidation of these 5 pyruvate molecules?
b. how many total high energy phosphate are generated (upon
oxidation of NADH (+H+) and FADH2 molecules that you have indicated
above)? please include in this total number the GTP produced as
well; in other words,...
Questions in regards to acetyl CoA in the TCA/Kreb's Cycle.
1. How many cycles minimum would it take for an acetyl CoA
carbon to be removed? (What is the first step that this removal
could happen?)
2. Why can't we know for sure how many turns it takes?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is an enzyme in fatty acid synthesis. In
response to increasing fatty acid levels, ACC activity
increases and the number of R form subunits increase,
decreases and the number of T form subunits increase, increases and
the number of R form subunits decrease, or decreases and the number
of T form subunits decrease.
Part A - Carbon atoms in acetyl CoA formation and the citric acid cycle
During acetyl CoA formation and the citric acid cycle, all of the carbon atoms that enter cellular respiration in the glucose molecule are released in the form of CO2. Use this diagram to track the carbon-containing compounds that play a role in these two stages.
Drag the labels from the left (which represent numbers of carbon atoms) onto the diagram to identify the number of carbon...