Question

Why is it possible to use molecular entities (discrete or polymeric) to replace electronic components based on silicon? How are their similar electronic properties explained?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of materials for molecular electronics compared to traditional silicon-based electronics?

Answer 1

An every elementary electronic device constructed as a single unit. Before the invention of icl the individual transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, and inductors were discrete in nature. Any circuit or a system can produce the desired output based on input. Any system can be constructed by using discrete components and also by an IC. We cannot physically put all multiple discrete circuits on a plate of silicon and simply call it an integrated circuit. Integrated circuits are made up of silicon wafers, not inserted (or placed) onto silicon wafers. So the main thing is to create an IC, all discrete components processed on a silicon wafer. But then again we have a problem; some discrete circuits may not be possible to be created on a silicon wafer while we are manufacturing an IC.

Discrete Circuits

A discrete circuit is constructed of components which are manufactured separately. Later, these components are connected together by using conducted wires on a circuit board or a printed circuit board. The transistor is one of the primary components used in discrete circuits, and combinations of these transistors can be used to create logic gates. These logic gates can be used to obtain the desired output from an input. Discrete circuits can be designed to operate at higher voltages.

Disadvantages of Discrete Circuits

Assembling and wiring of all individual discrete components take more time and occupies a larger space required.
Replacement of a failed component is complicated in an existed circuit or system.
Actually, the elements are connected using soldering process so, that may have caused less reliability.
To overcome these problems of reliability and space conservation, integrated circuits are developed.

Integrated Circuits

An integrated circuit is a microscopic array of electronic circuits and electronic components (resistors, capacitors, inductors…) that are diffused or implanted into the surface ofsemiconductor material wafer such as silicon. Integrated Circuit invented by Jack Kilby in the 1950s. A chip is commonly termed as Integrated circuits (IC)

These ICs are packed in a solid outer cover which can be made of an insulating material with high thermal conductivity and with contact terminals (also called pins) of the circuit coming out from the body of the IC.