In: Finance
Provide at least two examples of situations and ways that companies may hedge transaction exposure. What are the financial tools that can be used?
Hedging refers to the activity that entails protecting the value of assets or value to be received from the any other party either in same country or foreign country.
Following are the financial tools which could be used to hedge the exposure:
-Stock/Index Futures contract
-Stock/Index Options Contract
-Currency Futures and Options
-Commodity Futures and Options
-Swap contracts
Following are the example that will be able to explain the concept of hedge:
1. Mr. X, a portfolio manager is holding a portfolio of stocks worth of $1 million and he is concerned about fluctuations of the market in near short term future. Now the portfolio manager will be willing to hedge its portfolio by taking opposite position in the index so that any fall in portfolio value will be offset by gains generated by short position in index.
2. Mr.Y, an exporter residing in India has exported certain furniture worth of Rs.1 million and has invoiced the importer in the his own currency (Rupees). Now the importer is willing to pay the Mr.Y within three months and is willing to pay in the foreign currency. Now, Mr.Y is concerned about the fluctuation of foreign exchange currency rate between $ and Rupees. Mr.Y will be either using currency futures or options to hedge his exposure.
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