Question

Reactions require energy. The reaction that adds a new nucleoside to a growing chain of DNA requires energy as well. Where does this energy come fromWhat is the name of the enzyme involved in this process?

The enzyme named above only moves in what direction along the DNA strand? What consequences does this have on the other strand? What is an Okazaki fragment, and how are they later “glued” together?

What are the types and major functions for each type of RNA?

Define transcription and translation. Which process occurs first in order to make protein from DNA?

In what direction does a polymerase move when synthesizing a strand of mRNA?

Where in the cell is mRNA synthesized? Where does it go after its synthesis?

Define codon.

What codon(s) signal the start and stop of protein synthesis?

In one sentence, explain what tRNA does.

What enzyme attaches the correct amino acid to each tRNA? Is there only one kind of this enzyme that works for all 20 different amino acids?

Define anticodon. Define translocation.

Why does protein synthesis end when the stop codon is encountered by the ribosome?

Answer 1

The DNA dependent RNA polymerase is responsible for the replication of DNA. the process of replication start with activation of deoxyribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate. The deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate are four types:- deoxyribo adenosine monophosphate , deoxyribocytidine monophosphate , deoxyribothymidine monophosphate , deoxyriboguanosine monophosphate. These 4 ribonucleotide monophosphate is first converted into the triphosphate form with the help of an enzyme called phosphorylase. Phosphorylase enzyme is responsible for the addition of two inorganic phosphate into the deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate. The phosphorylation enzyme changes these monophosphate into triphosphate form . Triphosphate form is active form. They have 3 phosphate residue instead of one. The two phosphate are high bond energy bonds . These deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate are responsible for performing various function. They act as a subsrate of deoxy ribonucleotide monophosphate in the process of replication and as well as the breakdown of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate into deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate and to inorganic phosphate result in the release of higher amount of energy. This energy is used for the addition of new nucleotide to a growing chain of DNA.

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