In: Accounting
Why is translation exposure also referred to as accounting exposure? In what respects is translation exposure different from transaction exposure?
Translation exposure is the risk that a company's equities, assets, liabilities or income will change in value as a result of exchange rate changes. This occurs when a firm denominates a portion of its equities, assets, liabilities or income in a foreign currency, and it's also known as "accounting exposure.”
Accountants use various methods to insulate firms from these types of risks, such as consolidation techniques for the firm's financial statements and the use of the most effective cost accounting evaluation procedures, and in many cases, this exposure will be recorded in financial statements as an exchange rate gain (or loss).
Transaction versus Translation Exposure
There is a distinct difference between transaction and translation exposure. Transaction exposure involves the risk that when a business transaction is arranged in a foreign currency, the value of that currency may change before the transaction is complete. Should the foreign currency appreciate, it will cost more in the business’ home currency. Translation risk focuses on the change in a foreign held asset’s value based on a change in exchange rate between the home and foreign currencies.