Question

Explain the procedures that can be used for tuning the PID controllers. Principles / Advantages / Disadvantages, etc.

Answer 1

PID controllers can be tuned automatically or manually. Most of PID controllers nowadays use auto tune function and learns and reacts to process. They calculates PID settings and activates output. They select the optimal PID setting. These settings can be fine tuned manually as well.
A person can fine tune the PID manually by having enough info on the process being controled. The optimal values must be calculated for gain, reset time and rate for PID controller. The reset time must be set to max and rate to 0. Then the gain is to be increased until loop oscillates at constant amplitude. Then gain is set to half and the reset time is adjusted . Then finally the overshoot must be minimized by increasing the rate of PID loop.
Advantages are:

• They can be used to manage many processes at a time
• Provides appropriate gain control
• Provides auto tune
• works very fast and efficiently