Question

1. Dynamic equilibrium vs equilibrium.

1. What is the difference between a reaction in dynamic equilibrium and one at equilibrium?
2. What is the difference between an open and a closed system?

2. Entropy Changes during Egg Development Consider a system consisting of an egg in an incubator. The white and yolk of the egg contain proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. If fertilized, the egg is transformed from a single cell to a complex organism. Discuss this irreversible process in terms of the entropy changes in the system, surroundings, and universe. Be sure that you first clearly define the system and surroundings.

Answer 1

Answer:

a.What is the difference between a reaction in dynamic equilibrium and one at equilibrium?

Dynamic Equilibrium	Static Equilibrium
This type of equilibrium is reversible in nature.	This type of equilibrium is irreversible in nature.
This equilibrium implies that the reactants and the products are still participating in chemical reactions.	There is no further chemical reaction in the system.
In dynamic equilibrium, the forward and the backward reaction rates are equal	In static equilibrium, the forward and backward reaction rates are zero
It can only occur in closed systems	It can occur in both open and closed systems
A reaction is at dynamic equilibrium if the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.	It is at static equilibrium if the reaction has occurred and the forward and reaction rates are both equal to 0.

b.What is the difference between an open and a closed system?

Open System	Closed System
Open system is a thermodynamic where energy and matter can be exchanged with its surrounding	Open system is a thermodynamic where energy can be exchanged with its surrounding but not matter
Can exchange matter with the surrounding	Cannot exchange matter with the surrounding
Mass of the system will vary with the time	Mass of the system is constant
Have boundaries which are not closed	Boundaries are completely closed
Open System	Closed System
Open system is a thermodynamic where energy and matter can be exchanged with its surrounding	Open system is a thermodynamic where energy can be exchanged with its surrounding but not matter

* Entropy Changes during Egg Development Consider a system consisting of an egg in an incubator. The white and yolk of the egg contain proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. If fertilized, the egg is transformed from a single cell to a complex organism. Discuss this irreversible process in terms of the entropy changes in the system, surroundings, and universe. Be sure that you first clearly define the system and surroundings.

Consider the developing chick as the system; the nutrients, egg shell and the outside world are the surroundings. Transformation of the single cell into a chick drastically reduces the entropy of the system (increases the order). Initially, the parts of the egg outside the embryo (within the surroundings) contain complex fuel molecules (a low entropy condition).

During incubation, some of these complex molecules are converted to large numbers of CO2 and H2O molecules (high entropy). This increase in the entropy of the surroundings is larger than the decrease in entropy of the chick (the system). Thus the entropy of the universe (the system & surrounding) increases.

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