How can molecular biology techniques be used to identify genetic disease conditions in fetal or adult...

How can molecular biology techniques be used to identify genetic disease conditions in fetal or adult humans? Provide two examples.

basic biotechnology

Expert Solution

Molecularbiology techniques are used to analyse biological markers in the genome and proteome—the individual's genetic code and how their cells express their genes as proteins—by applying molecular biology to medical testing. Genetic tests are performed on a sample of blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds a fetus during pregnancy), or other tissue. Genetic disorders are diagnosed through a specific test, which can include examining chromosomes or DNA (the tiny proteins that make up genes), or testing the blood for certain enzymes that may be abnormal.

For Example-

1- Amniocentesis - Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used primarily in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections as well as for sex determination. In this procedure, a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus.Amniocentesis detects chromosome abnormalities, neural tube defects, and genetic disorders.

2- CVS - Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a test carried out during pregnancy to detect specific abnormalities in an unborn baby. A sample of cells is taken from the placenta (the organ that links the mother's blood supply with her unborn baby's) and tested for genetic defects. It entails sampling of the chorionic villus and testing it for chromosomal abnormalities, usually with FISH or PCR.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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