Question

14. a) What is the product when you react hydrochloric acid with metal? b) What is the product when you react hydrochloric acid with carbonates? c) What is the product when you react hydrochloric acid with ammonia? d) What is the product when you react hydrochloric acid with hydroxide? e) Which of the reaction in a) through d) is most similar to the reaction which produces Benadryl? (look up an image of the ingredient label)

Answer 1

14a) A metal of the generic formula Mⁿ⁺ where n is the oxidation state of the metal reacts with HCl to form a metal chloride and usually H₂ as shown below.

Mⁿ⁺ + n HCl --------> MCl_n + n/2 H₂

b) HCl reacts with carbonates (CO₃^2-) to evolve CO₂ gas as shown below.

CO₃^2- (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) -------> 2 Cl^- (aq) + CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l)

c) HCl reacts with ammonia to give dense white fumes of ammonium chloride, a white solid.

HCl (g) + NH₃(g) --------> NH₄Cl (s)

d) HCl reacts with hydroxide (OH^-) to form water, H₂O which doesn’t dissociate in solution. The reaction is shown below.

HCl (aq) + OH^- (aq) -------> H₂O (l) + Cl^- (aq)

e) The chemical structure of Benadryl is shown below.

Benadryl contains a dimethyl amine (CH₃)₂N- group. This group is derieved from ammonia (NH₃) by substituting two H atoms with 2 CH₃- groups. Therefore, the reaction of HCl with Benadryl will be similar to reaction (c), the reaction between ammonia and HCl. The dimethylamine group will get protonated and form the chloride salt.