In: Statistics and Probability
Problem Set 1: The One-way ANOVA
Research Scenario: Depressed patients are randomly assigned to 1 of 3 therapists. At the end of 3 months, each patient completes a standardized test of depression (higher scores indicate higher level of depression). The patients’ scores are shown below. Analyze the data to determine how effective these 3 therapists are at treating depression (assume that before the treatment, all 3 groups of patients had the same average depression score).
Using this table, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and run a one-way ANOVA to test whether there is a difference in patients’ depression scores among the three therapists. Create a boxplot to show the difference among these scores.
Data: Therapist 1: 35,37,35,37,36,33,39
Therapist 2: 36,37,37,31,39,35,32
Therapist 3: 29,32,25,28,33,30,32
Solution:
Here, we have to use one way analysis of variance or ANOVA F test for checking the given claim or hypothesis. The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are given as below:
Null hypothesis: H0: There is no any significant difference in the average depression scores due to three different therapists.
Alternative hypothesis: Ha: There is a significant difference in the average depression scores due to three different therapists.
We assume level of significance = α = 0.05 = 5%
The required ANOVA table and box plot for this test by using SPSS are given as below:
The box plot is given as below:
From above box plots, it is observed that there is a significant difference between average depression scores due to three different therapists.
The ANOVA table is given as below:
Descriptive Statistics |
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Depression score |
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N |
Mean |
Std. Deviation |
Std. Error |
95% Confidence Interval for Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
||
Lower Bound |
Upper Bound |
|||||||
Therapist 1 |
7 |
36.0000 |
1.91485 |
.72375 |
34.2291 |
37.7709 |
33.00 |
39.00 |
Therapist 2 |
7 |
35.2857 |
2.87021 |
1.08484 |
32.6312 |
37.9402 |
31.00 |
39.00 |
Therapist 3 |
7 |
29.8571 |
2.79455 |
1.05624 |
27.2726 |
32.4417 |
25.00 |
33.00 |
Total |
21 |
33.7143 |
3.71676 |
.81106 |
32.0224 |
35.4061 |
25.00 |
39.00 |
ANOVA |
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Depression score |
|||||
Sum of Squares |
df |
Mean Square |
F |
Sig. |
|
Between Groups |
158.000 |
2 |
79.000 |
12.022 |
.000 |
Within Groups |
118.286 |
18 |
6.571 |
||
Total |
276.286 |
20 |
From above ANOVA table, we have
P-value = 0.000
So, P-value < α = 0.05
So, we reject the null hypothesis
There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant difference in the average depression scores due to three different therapists.