Questions
We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get.

 
 
We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system. Thus, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations.
 
Local exchange systems (LESs) come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community.
 
By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce under-employment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another.
 
There are over 1,000 local exchange programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a farmer the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers.
 
Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries. Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones in order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and independence.
 
Industrial seed and chemical companies have a similar role. Many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, women in Ladakh village have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self-reliance.
 
There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region’s specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational too, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
 
 
1. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage? (1 point)
 
(a) Reasons LES must rule over the regular currency
 
(b) Methods to escape global economic issues
 
(c) Dependence of Asian countries on LES
 
(d) Role of LES in development of communities
 
(e) LES – A Futile Exercise
 
2. Which of the following is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning to the word REGAIN as used in the passage? (1 point)
 
(a) recover
 
(b) restart
 
(c) forfeit
 
(d) revalue
 
(e) liberate
 
 
3. Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of the word VIABILITY as used in the passage? (1 point)
(a) The act of causing worry and fear.
 
(b) The ability to continue or be continued for a long time.
 
(c) The thing that can be clearly seen to exist or can be touched and felt.
 
(d) The fact that something can be done and can be successful.
 
(e) The act of withdrawing support or help.
 
 
4. Which of the following is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning to the word BIND as used in the passage? (1 point)
(a) visionless
 
(b) separate
 
(c) associate
 
(d) loosen
 
(e) reunite
 
 
5. As mentioned in the passage, there is no set design to initiate local exchange systems as ___________. (1 point)
 
(a) they tend to work well only in select countries
 
(b) they are region specific
 
(c) They are too complicated to understand
 
 
6. As mentioned in the passage, local currencies can prove to be beneficial for the community as they ___________. (1 point)
 
(a) assist in creating job opportunities
 
(b) indirectly help in conserving the environment.
 
(c) aid in minimising reliance on global economy.
 
(d) all of the above
 
 
7. Which of the following is SAME in meaning as the word LIMITED TO as used in the passage? (1 point)
 
(a) restricted to
(b) extending beyond
(c) validated for
(d) adjusted
(e) custodial
 
8. Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of the word SUSTAINABILITY as used in the passage? (1 point)
 
(a) The act of causing worry and fear.
 
(b) The ability to continue or be continued for a long time.
 
(c) The thing that can be clearly seen to exist or can be touched and felt.
 
(d) The fact that something can be done and can be successful.
 
(e) The act of withdrawing support or help.
 
 
9. Which of the following is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning to the word PIVOTAL as used in the passage? (1 point)
 
(a) essential
 
(b) unnourished
 
(c) healthy
 
(d) overriding
 
(e) trivial
 
 
10. Decide if each of the following statements is true or false as per the context of the given article justifying your answer with evidence from the text.​(4 points)
 
(a) LES work well only in countries whose economies are based primarily on agriculture. ( )
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
 
(b) LES increase unhealthy competition between communities from different regions. ( )
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
 
(c) LESs encourage communities to become self-supporting. ( )
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
 
(d) LESs are restricted to trading with paper money only. ( )
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
 
11. Which of the following is the meaning of the phrase ‘what you see is not what you always get’ as mentioned in the passage with respect to the present economic situation? (1 point)
 
(a) Sharing information without hiding facts.
 
(b) Being pessimistic while presenting information.
 
(c) Modifying information after taking consent from every stakeholder.
 
(d) Waiting to share positive information.
 
(e) What is presented may not necessarily be true.
 
 
12. As mentioned in the passage, the statistics with respect to LES highlight that__________. (1 point)
 
(a) very few countries are aware about such programmes
 
(b) they face more resistance from, developed countries than developing ones.
 
(c) they are becoming popular among communities across the globe.
 
(d) they lack support of farmers.
 
(e) the gap between the rich and the poor is increasing.
 
 

In: Advanced Math

Suppose (A,∗) be an associative, unital, binary operation with inverses. Show that if|A|≤3,then in fact, (A,∗)...

Suppose (A,∗) be an associative, unital, binary operation with inverses. Show that if|A|≤3,then in fact, (A,∗) isalsocommutative, even though we didn’t assume it at the beginning.

In: Advanced Math

A photoconductor film is manufactured at a nominal thickness of 25 mils. The product engineer wishes...

A photoconductor film is manufactured at a nominal thickness of 25 mils. The product engineer wishes to increase the mean speed of the film, and believes that this can be achieved by reducing the thickness of the film to 20 mils. Eight samples of each film thickness are manufactured in a pilot production process, and the film speed (in microjoules per square inch) is measured. For the 25-mil film, the sample data result is x-bar1=1.13 and s1=0.11, while for the 20-mil film, the data yield x-bar2=1.08 and s2=0.09. Note that an increase in film speed would lower the value of the observation in microjoules per square inch.

(a) Do the data support the claim that reducing the film thickness increases the mean speed of the film? Use a=0.10 and assume that the two population variances are equal and the underlying population of film speed is normally distributed. What is the P-value for this test? Round your answer to three decimal places (e.g. 98.765).

The data ___support/do not support___ the claim that reducing the film thickness increases the mean speed of the film. The P-value is _______.

(b) Find a 95% confidence interval on the difference in the two means that can be used to test the claim in part (a). Round your answers to four decimal places (e.g. 98.7654).

_______ <= mu1 - mu2 <= _______

In: Advanced Math

Which one of the improper integrals below converges or diverges? [int _a ^b] means integral from...

Which one of the improper integrals below converges or diverges?
[int _a ^b] means integral from a to b, we use inf to indicate infinity.

a) [int _0 ^1] 1/x dx
b) [int _0 ^1] 1/x^(1/2) dx
c) [int _0 ^1] 1/x^2 dx

d) [int _1 ^inf] 1/x dx
e) [int _1 ^inf] 1/x^(1/2) dx
f) [int _1 ^inf] 1/x^2 dx

g) [int _1 ^inf] lnx / x^2 dx
h) [int _1 ^inf] lnx / x dx

i) [int _(-inf) ^inf] 1/(1+x^2) dx
j) [int _1 ^inf] exp(-x^2) dx
k) [int _1 ^inf] (sinx / x )^2 dx
l) [int _2 ^inf] 1 / sqrt(x^2 - 1) dx
m) [int _0 ^Pi/2] tanx dx

In: Advanced Math

Complete the proof for the claim that any open ball B(x0,r) in Euclidean space Rn is...

Complete the proof for the claim that any open ball B(x0,r) in Euclidean space Rn is homeomorphic to Rn.

proof is given below the theorem. Show that suggested map g is in fact homeomorphism.

Theorem: Let X0, X1, and X2 be topological spaces and let f: X0 -> X1 and g : X1 -> X2 be continuous functions. Then g∘f : X0 -> X2 is continuous.

proof : Suppose that V is open in X2. Since g is continuous, g-1(V) is open in X1. Since f is continuous, f-1(g-1(V)) = (g∘f)-1(V) is open in X0. It follows that g∘f is continuous.

In: Advanced Math

Prove that any linear transformation ? : R? → R? maps a line passing through the...

Prove that any linear transformation ? : R? → R? maps a line passing through the origin to either the zero vector or a line passing through the origin. Generalize this for planes and hyperplanes. What are the images of these under linear transformations?


In: Advanced Math

Prove: There are infinitely many primes congruent to 3 modulo 8. Hint: Consider N = (p1p2···pr)2...

Prove: There are infinitely many primes congruent to 3 modulo 8. Hint: Consider N = (p1p2···pr)2 + 2.

In: Advanced Math

A small business owner contributes $2,000 at the end of each quarter to a retirement account...

A small business owner contributes $2,000 at the end of each quarter to a retirement account that earns 10% compounded quarterly. (a) How long will it be until the account is worth at least $150,000? (Round your answer UP to the nearest quarter.) 43 quarters (b) Suppose when the account reaches $150,000, the business owner increases the contributions to $4,000 at the end of each quarter. What will the total value of the account be after 15 more years? (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.) $

In: Advanced Math

Use Gauss’s Lemma to find the Legendre symbol values (8/11), (5/19), and (6/31).

Use Gauss’s Lemma to find the Legendre symbol values (8/11), (5/19), and (6/31).

In: Advanced Math

Before we begin graphing systems of equations, a good starting point is to review our knowledge...

Before we begin graphing systems of equations, a good starting point is to review our knowledge of 2-D graphs. These graphs are known as 2-D because they have two axes. Find an online image of a graph to use as the foundation of your discussion. (This is easily accomplished by searching within Google Images.) Using your graph as the example:

1.) Select any two points on the graph and apply the slope formula, interpreting the result as a rate of change (units of measurement required).

2.) Use rate of change (slope) to explain why your graph is linear (constant slope) or not linear (changing slopes).

Embed the graph into the post by copying and pasting into the discussion. You must cite the source of the image. Also be sure to show the computations used to determine slope.

In: Advanced Math

prove or disprove using logical equivalences (a) p ∧ (q → r) ⇐⇒ (p → q)...

prove or disprove using logical equivalences

(a) p ∧ (q → r) ⇐⇒ (p → q) → r

(b) x ∧ (¬y ↔ z) ⇐⇒ ((x → y) ∨ ¬z) → (x ∧ ¬(y → z))

(c) (x ∨ y ∨ ¬z) ∧ (¬x ∨ y ∨ z) ⇐⇒ ¬y → (x ↔ z)

In: Advanced Math

Find Taylor series expansion of log(1+z) and show radius of convergence

Find Taylor series expansion of log(1+z) and show radius of convergence

In: Advanced Math

a) Let S ⊂ R, assuming that f : S → R is a continuous function,...

a) Let S ⊂ R, assuming that f : S → R is a continuous function, if the
image set {f(x); x ∈ S} is unbounded prove that S is unbounded.


b) Let f : [0, 100] → R be a continuous function such that f(0) = f(2),
f(98) = f(100) and the function g(x) := f(x+ 1)−f(x) is equal to zero in at most
two points of the interval [0, 100].

Prove that (f(50) − f(49))(f(25) − f(24)) > 0.

In: Advanced Math

Consider a Math class with 15 female students and 14 male students. a) How many different...

Consider a Math class with 15 female students and 14 male students.

a) How many different 5 people committees with exactly 3 females and 2 males are possible? Justify your answer

b) How many different 5 people committees with representation of both genders are there? Justify your answer

c) Suppose that two of the students refuse to work together. How many different 5 people committees are possible? Justify your answer

d) How many different ways to arrange them in a row with no two males together? Justify your answer

e) Show that there are at least 3 students with the same gender whose were born on the same day of the week.

In: Advanced Math

Find a characterization of primes p such that 3 is a square mod p and then...

Find a characterization of primes p such that 3 is a square mod p and then prove it.

In: Advanced Math