Question

Match each term with its definition.

The organelle responsible for energy production in both animal and plant cells
The structure found in plant cells but not animal cells
A substance composed of proteins secreted by cells that holds cells together in tissues
The organelle that carries proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi
The organelle that processes and sorts proteins
A network of fibers that provides mechanical support to cells
Consists of two phospholipid bilayers and contains pores
The organelle that makes steroids
Structures on some protists and sperm cells that enable locomotion
The organelle that breaks down old or damaged organelles

cytoskelecton

golgi apparatus

ftagella

lysosome

mitoxhondria

extracelluar matrix

nuclear envelop

cell wall

transport vesicle

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

The question is from cell biology and lists all the organelles and their function.

1) The organelle responsible for energy production in both animal and plant cell: ATP is the energy currency of the cell. It is a molecule that is responsible for providing energy for every single cellular function. It is primarily produced in mitochondria. Mitochondria is thus called the powerhouse of the cell. Ans: Mitochondria

2)Structure found in plant cells but not animal cells: Although there are quite a few similarities between plant and animal cells, there are few differences as well. Plant cells have certain organelles that the animal cells don't. One of them is the cell wall. It is an outer layer surrounding the cell membrane which is present only in plant cell called the cell wall. Ans: Cell wall

3) A substance composed of proteins secreted by cells that holds cells together in tissues: Cells have cell to cell contact in tissues and are held together by adherent proteins. They are called extracellular matrix. It binds the two cells to each other and in cell culture techniques, is dissolved by the use of trypsin. Ans: Extracellular matrix.

4)The organelle that carries proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi: Proteins are synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum or RER. They then have to be transported from the place of synthesis to place where it actually functions. This is carried out by certain molecules or vesicles that transport them called the transport vesicles which is a vesicle like structure eclosed within a lipid bilayer. Ans: Transport vesicles

5) The organelle that processes and sorts proteins: Proteins before they can function, need to be processed and packaged properly. This is done by an organelle called Golgi apparatus. The apparatus prepares the proteins for use both inside and outside of the cell. Ans: Golgi Apparatus.

6) A network of fibers that provides mechanical support to cells: Cells are composed of organelles floating around in fluid like structure called the cytoplasm. However, the cells need proper support to function efficiently. This support is given by the cytokeleton, which is compoed of different proteins. Ans: Cytoskeleton

7) Consists of two phospholipid bilayers and contains pores: Lipid bilayer is a component of plasma membrane. However, there is only one instance where there is a double layer of lipid bilyar and that is the nuclear envelop. The membrane separates the nucleas from the rest of the cell organelles. Ans: nuclear envelop.

8) The organelle that makes steroids: Steroids are synthesized in smooth endoplasmic reticulum. They are also respnsible for the synthesis of lipids and a variety of phospholipids. Ans: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

9) Structures on some protists and sperm cells that enable locomotion: Protists and sperms, being unicellular in nature rely on specialized structures for the sake of locomotion. The structures are generally protruding out of the cell and their movement propels the cell forward. The structures are generally flagella or cilia. Ans: flagella.

10) The organelle that breaks down old or damaged organelles: The cell needs to get rid of any protein or organelle that is no longer working efficiently failing which, it will harm the cell. These old and damaged organelles are sent to these specialized organelles called lysosomes for break down. Lysosomes are membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes that efficiently breakdown the proteins and damaged organelles. Ans: Lysosomes.