How is glycogen breakdown and synthesis regulated in the liver by glucagon and insulin? (Are the...

How is glycogen breakdown and synthesis regulated in the liver by glucagon and insulin? (Are the processes increased or decreased by these hormones?)

Expert Solution

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

How is glycogen synthesis and breakdown a) reciprocally regulated to prevent the formation fo a futile...

How is glycogen synthesis and breakdown a) reciprocally regulated to prevent the formation fo a futile cycle? and b) hormonally regulated to increase the supply of available ATP during times of stress?

How do insulin, adrenaline, and glucagon control glycogen metabolism?

Describe how glucose-6-phosphate formed by glycogen breakdown in the liver converts to glucose by glucose-6-phosphatase and...

Describe how glucose-6-phosphate formed by glycogen breakdown in the liver converts to glucose by glucose-6-phosphatase and how the newly formed glucose leaves the liver cells. Describe why this process allows for separation from glycolysis.

Explain how insulin and glucagon regulate lipolysis

Concerning the glycogen synthesis and pentose phosphate pathways, which are particularly active in liver, muscle and...

Concerning the glycogen synthesis and pentose phosphate pathways, which are particularly active in liver, muscle and fat tissue soon after eating a meal, and why? (What does their being active accomplish do for your organism?) Describe and explain.

what cells do insulin and glucagon act on? and what does insulin/glucagon signaling promote/lower in these...

what cells do insulin and glucagon act on? and what does insulin/glucagon signaling promote/lower in these cells?

10. What role does insulin play in the synthesis of glycogen? What effect does insulin have on GSK? What is the overall effect of this?

10. What role does insulin play in the synthesis of glycogen? What effect does insulin have on GSK? What is the overall effect of this? 11. What happens in type I and type Il diabetes? 12. How does insulin affect glucose transport into the cell? 13. What pathways are dysregulated in diabetes? Why? Provide details. What is the overall result.

3. Glycogen Degradation a) What are the steps in the breakdown of glycogen? b) Glycogen phosphorylase...

3. Glycogen Degradation a) What are the steps in the breakdown of glycogen? b) Glycogen phosphorylase exists in different forms and conformations under different physiological conditions. In a resting muscle, MOST of the phosphorylase will be in which form and which state? c) How do hormones regulate glycogen breakdown?

4. What signals lead to the breakdown/synthesis of glycogen? 5. When is phosphorylase active/inactive? When is...

4. What signals lead to the breakdown/synthesis of glycogen? 5. When is phosphorylase active/inactive? When is glycogen synthase active/inactive? What role do phosphorylase kinase, PP1c, GSK-3, and the GL or GM proteins play in regulation of glycogen synthesis/breakdown? 6. What role does Ca2+ and AMP play in the breakdown of glycogen in the skeletal muscle?

4. Glycogen Synthesis a) What is the role of Glycogenin in glycogen synthesis? b) Which enzymes...

4. Glycogen Synthesis a) What is the role of Glycogenin in glycogen synthesis? b) Which enzymes regulate glycogen synthesis and degradation (directly or indirectly)? c) Hers disease is caused by mutations in the liver form of glycogen phosphorylase and often has mild symptoms. In contrast von Gierke disease, which is caused by mutations in glucose 6-phosphatase, has severe symptoms including severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Based on your knowledge of glycogen and glucose metabolism, why does von Gierke disease have...

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