Question

In: Economics

Compare the three types of market structure: perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition.

Compare the three types of market structure: perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition.

Solutions

Expert Solution

POINTS OF COMPARISON PERFECT COMPETITION MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION   MONOPOLY
Meaning It a market situation which consists of a large number of buyers and sellers each of whom is well informed about the market conditions,and so none of the buyers or sellers have control over price. Monopolistic competition is a market structure where the producers sell differentiated products which are close substitutes to each other. Monopoly is a market situation where a single producer supplies a product which is highly unique,also there are strict barriers to entry in the monopoly.
Number of sellers There are a many small sellers There are several small sellers There exists only one big seller.
Type of product

Usually in a perfect competition same or very similar homogeneous products are sold.

For example agricultural produce.

In a monopolistic competition differentiated products are sold.They may seem same but are differentiated

For example.Eateries.

There is a single unique product sold in monopoly which has no substitutes

For example elactricity.

Size of the firm   Small firms operate in the perfectly competitive market. Small as well as medium sized firms operate in a monopolistic competition. Very large firms operate in a monopoly.
Entry and exit into the market It is a free market structure in case of perfect competition and there is no barrier to entry or exit from the market These markets contain a few barriers to entry and exist due to competition among the firms Entry or exit in monopoly is very restricted.There is a strong control over the entry of a new firm.
Consumer Demand Demand for the product remains constant in perfect competition. There is low demand for product in a monopolistic competition. There is extremely high demand for the product in a monopoly.
Government Interference In a perfect competition firms face very little intervention from the government and operate freely In case of a monopoly there is strict government intervention,as government imposes taxes on these firms,failure to pay which would result in the closure of the firms. The government intervention in monopolistic competition is very limited and it depends on the kind of the firms,like for example a firm might have to obtain food permits etc.
Pricing power of the seller In perfect competition the seller has very little pricing power,he is usually the price taker. In case of monopolistic competition the seller has relatively higher pricing power as compared to the perfect competition. Here the seller enjoys a significant pricing power as he is the only seller in the market and can dictate the price of the product,thus he is the price maker.

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