Describe how chromosome rearrangements may be produce by breakage or crossing over between repetitive DNA sequences

Expert Solution

CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENT:

chromosome rearrangement in genetics refers to the mutation in chromosomes which results in abnormality in chromosomes and changes in the chromosome's original structure. There are various events that takes place like deletion, duplication , inversion and translocation. These events occur due to breakage of DNA helices at 2 or more different locations and than again rejoining at different locations leading to different genetic arrangements. Sometimes rare percent of population can also suffer from COMPLEX CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENT, in which the mutation takes place due to 3breaks at different points. Around 0.5% of infant population suffers from chromosome rearrangement.

CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENT DUE TO BREAKAGE IN DNA SEQUENCES:

It is well known to us that chromosome is a compact form of genetic material that consist of all the characters of an individual. Double stranded breaks are considered lethal if DNA repair by any method does not takes place. But if DNA repair takes place at two different ends, it will result in chromosome rearrangement.

CHROMOSOME rearrangement is possible when the chromosome consist of 1 centromere and 2 telomere. If the cromosome is lacking the centromere part, it would not be able to shift to any pole during anaphase and would not be able to insert in any cell. And the other other reason of mutation can be when chromosome has 2 or more centromeres it will generate anaphase bridge by moving to opposite poles and in this situation also chromosome will not be able to incorporate in progeny cell. Telomeres play important role in replication process and if telomere portion is broken, replication would not be possible.

CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENT DUE TO CROSSING OVER IN DNA SEQUENCES:

Repetitive sequence present in the chromosomes can be a site of crossing over which can lead to abnormality and mutations. Repetitive sequence can also be present due to the events like deletion, addition, inversion or duplication.

Chromosome rearrangement can be corrected with the help of various DNA repair mechanisms.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

A) Describe the differences between expressed sequences and not expressed DNA sequences and how to study...

A) Describe the differences between expressed sequences and not expressed DNA sequences and how to study them. For example, cDNA vs genomic libraries and RT PCR vs PCR- B) Restriction cutting DNA, running gels, and ligating DNA to make recombinant DNA. C) Difference between southern, northern, and western blotting. Describe what each is looking for?

What kind of chromosomal rearrangements move DNA from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome? Translocations Duplications...

What kind of chromosomal rearrangements move DNA from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome? Translocations Duplications Polyploidy Deletions Inversions By way of the wobble, one molecule of _____ can complement more than one _______. tRNA; amino acid codon; anticodon tRNA; codon group of three nucleotides in DNA; codon in mRNA

Describe how eukaryotic DNA is folded into a chromosome

What are the stages of Meiosis, synaptonemal complex and crossing over in Prophase, chromosome number in...

What are the stages of Meiosis, synaptonemal complex and crossing over in Prophase, chromosome number in each stage for mitosis and meiosis

Crossing over involves the physical exchange of DNA between chromatids. Group of answer choices True False

DNA Vaccines integrate into the host cell chromosome. They will then produce the proteins for immune...

DNA Vaccines integrate into the host cell chromosome. They will then produce the proteins for immune response within the cell via the central dogma.How is this different from being infected by a DNA virus?

Briefly explain how repetitive DNA is useful for identifying individuals by the techniques of DNA fingerprinting.

Describe the design of the DNA sequence of an artificial chromosome in a typical eukaryote for...

Describe the design of the DNA sequence of an artificial chromosome in a typical eukaryote for expressing an engineered transmembrane protein in the plasma membrane. In your answer list the 9 sequence features this DNA fragment requires to work, briefly state the function of each, and briefly indicate what would go wrong if that sequence feature was missing.

What is crossing over? How is meiosis related to this phenomenon?

1) Explain how this cellular mechanism affects variation: Crossing over Briefly explain how the mechanism (crossing...

1) Explain how this cellular mechanism affects variation: Crossing over Briefly explain how the mechanism (crossing over) could contribute to genetic variation in offspring. Be specific how this mechanism gives this result, when it occurs during the cell cycle, and be specific as to the type of genetic variation produced (from base-pair sequences to whole genomes).

Question