Question

In: Statistics and Probability

A study reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association involved the study of respiratory...

  1. A study reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association involved the study of respiratory tract infections in children aged 1 to 5 years in Israel. During the period November 1999 to March 2000 a randomly selected group of the children received a placebo and another randomly selected group received a mixture of Echinacea and Vitamin C. The following table gives the numbers for the children in each group and for those who developed pneumonia during that time.

Treatment:

Sample Size

Number who developed pneumonia

Placebo

168

38

Echinacea and Vitmin C

160

13

Total:

328

51
  1. Calculate the sample proportion, , of children in the placebo group who developed pneumonia, and calculate the sample proportion, , of children in the Echinacea group who developed pneumonia.
  1. Calculate the sample difference in proportions, .
  1. Calculate the approximate standard error, s, of the sampling distribution for differences in sample proportions.

d. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the population proportions, .

  1. Interpret, in terms a non-statistics person would understand, your 95% confidence interval, explaining what it tells us about the proportions of all children with these treatments who would develop pneumonia.
  1. State an appropriate null hypothesis, H0, and alternative hypothesis, H1, for testing whether or not the proportion of children developing pneumonia is higher for the placebo treatment than for the Echinacea treatment.

H0: English version:

Symbolic version:

H1: English version:

Symbolic version:

  1. Calculate the pooled proportion, , and the standard error, s, based on the pooled proportion. (Hint: the last row in the table gives you pooled numbers.)
  1. Calculate the z-score for your sample difference, , from part b.
  1. Calculate the p-value for your z-score. If the significance level is 0.01, should the researchers reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis from part f?
  1. Explain your conclusion from the previous part in terms a non-statistics person would understand.

Solutions

Expert Solution

orchestra answered 2 years ago
Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

A study reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association investigated the cardiac demands of...
A study reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association investigated the cardiac demands of heavy snow shoveling. Ten healthy men underwent exercise testing with a treadmill and a cycle ergometer modified for arm cranking. The men then cleared two tracts of heavy, wet snow (ouch!) using a lightweight plastic snow shovel and an electric snow thrower. Each subject’s heart rate was recorded under the 4 exercise modes. The Excel spreadsheet provides the heart rates for ten subjects under...
A study reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association investigated the cardiac demands of...
A study reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association investigated the cardiac demands of heavy snow shoveling. Ten healthy men underwent exercise testing with a treadmill and a cycle ergometer modified for arm cranking. The men then cleared two tracts of heavy, wet snow by using a lightweight plastic snow shovel and an electric snow thrower. Each subject's heart rate during snow removal were compared with the values obtained during treadmill and arm-crank ergometer testing. Dataset: HeartRate Treadmill...
Question 2: The Journal of the American Medical Association reported in 2002 on a study of...
Question 2: The Journal of the American Medical Association reported in 2002 on a study of 1,100 airline passengers who flew from San Francisco to Denver. 515 of these passengers traveled on planes where air was re-circulated, the remaining 585 traveled on planes that did not recirculate air. Of those that did travel on planes where the air was recirculated, 110 reported post-flight respiratory problems. Of those on planes that did not recirculate the air, 108 reported post-flight respiratory problems....
1 point) A recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported the results...
1 point) A recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported the results of an experiment where 40 overweight individuals followed the Weight Watchers diet for one year. Their weight changes at the end of the year had a mean of ?¯=3.1x¯=3.1 kg with a standard deviation of ?=4.7s=4.7 kg. We want to use this data to test the claim that the diet has an effect, that is, that the weight change is higher than 0. 1....
1 point) A recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported the results...
1 point) A recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported the results of an experiment where 40 overweight individuals followed the Weight Watchers diet for one year. Their weight changes at the end of the year had a mean of x¯=3.1x¯=3.1 kg with a standard deviation of s=5.1s=5.1 kg. We want to use this data to test the claim that the diet has an effect, that is, that the weight change is higher than 0. 1....
A recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported the results of an experiment where 40 overweight individuals followed the Zone diet for one year.
A recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported the results of an experiment where 40 overweight individuals followed the Zone diet for one year. Their weight changes at the end of the year had a mean of x¯=3.1x¯=3.1 kg with a standard deviation of s=5.9s=5.9 kg. We want to use this data to test the claim that the diet has an effect, that is, that the weight change is higher than 0. 1. Which set of...
The American Heart Association in collaboration with the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Respiratory...
The American Heart Association in collaboration with the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Respiratory Care, American College of Emergency Physicians, The Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists, and American Society of Anesthesiologists recently released a new guidance document surrounding the use of CPR during the COVID-19 pandemic. The guidelines state, “it is reasonable to consider age, comorbidities, and severity of illness in determining the appropriateness of resuscitation and balance the likelihood of success against the risk to rescuers and...
A 1992 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association ("A Critical Appraisal of 98.6...
A 1992 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association ("A Critical Appraisal of 98.6 Degrees F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wundrlich") reported body temperature, gender, and heart rate for a number of subjects. The temperatures for 25 female subjects follow: 98.0 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 97.9 98.0 98.0 98.3 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.3 98.4 98.4 98.4 98.5 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.8 98.8 98.9 98.9 99.0 Test the...
(1) According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, a 40-year old woman, who is...
(1) According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, a 40-year old woman, who is symptom free, has a 0.4% (0.004) chance of having breast cancer. Suppose she undergoes a mammogram and receives an “abnormal” result. According to the National Cancer Institute, mammograms report “abnormal” 80% of the time when a woman does, in fact, have breast cancer and 10% of the time when no cancer is present. (a) Given the "abnormal" mammogram result, what is the probability the...
The paper “Lessons from Pacemaker Implantations” (Journal of the American Medical Association [1965]:231–232) gave the results of a...
The paper “Lessons from Pacemaker Implantations” (Journal of the American Medical Association [1965]:231–232) gave the results of a study that followed 89 heart patients who had received electronic pacemakers.The time (in months) to the first electrical malfunction of the pacemaker was recorded: 24, 20, 16, 32, 14, 22,2, 12, 24, 6, 10, 20, 8, 16, 12, 24, 14, 20, 18, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 18, 14, 10, 12, 24, 6, 12, 18, 16, 34,18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 18,...
ADVERTISEMENT
Subjects
ADVERTISEMENT
Latest Questions
ADVERTISEMENT