Question

List 5 molecules and cell types that are shared and interconnect the Innate defenses of the body with the Acquired/Adaptive Immunity pathways. Define the defensive functions of each shared component and explain how they connect the immune and innate pathways.

Answer 1

cell types - mast cells, macrophages, Neutrophils, NK cells and dendritic cells

molecules - antibody ,antigens, Complements, proteins and energy molecules.

mast cells

when a large tissue cells get damaged, that release some Inflammatory mediators and also under the influence of antibody. inflammation allows complement and cells to enter the tissues fro the blood by increasing vascular Permeability. they cause allergy and Anaphylaxis. they cause healing, immune tolerance defence against pathogens.

macrophages

it is a large tissue cell which is Responsible for removing damaged tissue , cells ,bacteria etc..it is also known myeloid cells because both PMNs and macrophages come from the bone marrow. they have a role in homeostatic Maintenance o the body. they also part in tissue repair mechanism.

Neutrophils

they are polymorpho nuclear leukocyte nd it is a short lived Scavenger blood cells. their granules contain powerful bactericidal enzymes. Thiers defensive is of phagocytosis. oxidative burst to regenerate toxic reactive oxygen species.

killing cell

it is a lymphocytes like cells which have the ability of killing some targets , notably virus infected cells and tumor cells. against infection it act s innate immunity. but without the receptor or the fine specificity Characteristics of true lymphocytes.

dendritic cells.

they are present antigen to t cells. then they initiate all t cell dependent immune responses.

antibody

they are also called immunoglobulins. it is made up of a collection of very similar proteins , each able to bind specifically to different antigens. they can bind and neutralize bacterial toxins and viruses directly. they re first line of defence.

antigen

it is a substance that stimulate the production of antibodies. typically antigens are foreign and either particulate or large proteins or polysaccharide molecules.

complements

it is a group of proteins present in serum . when it get activated produce widespread informatory effects as well s lysis of bacteria etc .. some activate complement directly but others only activate with th help of antibody.

proteins/ interferons

it is a family of proteins produced rapidly by many cells response to infection of viruses. they also have an important role in communication between immune cells.

energy molecules

extracellular atp is initiating and terminating the immune responses. atp Binding affinity with p2 receptors at low eATP concentrations