Question

9) Summarize the relationship between animal pollinators and angiosperms.

10) What is a lichen?

11) What are mycorrhizae and what is their evolutionary significance?

12) What is the significance of kingdom Fungi to the environment?

Answer 1

9) Pollen transfer is effected by wind, water, and animals,primarily insects and birds. There is a wide range of animal pollinator of angiosperms as well as a wide range of adaptations by the flowers to attract those pollinators Some of the living unspecialized families of basal angiosperms are pollinated by beetles.
10) Lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. Lichen have different properties from those of its component organisms.
11) Mycorrhizae is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhizae refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, its root system.
They are an example of coevolution between plants and fungi. These organisms tend to grow together and have similar structures, roots and hyphae. Because of this, some fungal species colonize plant roots, obtaining sugars from them.
12) Fungi play a crucial role in the balance of ecosystems. In these environments fungi play a major role as decomposers and recyclers, making it possible for members of the other kingdoms to be supplied with nutrients and to live. The food web would be incomplete without organisms that decompose organic matter.