In: Accounting
VacuTech is a high-technology company that manufactures sophisticated instruments for testing microcircuits. Each instrument sells for $3,500; variable manufacturing cost per unit (all cash) equals $2,450. An essential component of the company’s manufacturing process is a sealed vacuum chamber where the interior approaches a pure vacuum. The technology of the vacuum pumps that the firm uses to prepare its chamber for sealing has been changing rapidly. On June 1, 2015, VacuTech bought the latest in electronic high-speed vacuum pumps that can evacuate a chamber for sealing in only 6 hours. The company paid $400,000 for the pump. Recently, the pump’s manufacturer approached VacuTech with a new pump that would reduce the evacuation time to 2 hours. VacuTech’s management is considering the purchase of this new pump and has asked Doreen Harris, the company controller, to evaluate the financial impact of replacing the existing pump with the new model. Doreen has gathered the following information prior to preparing her analysis: The new pump could be installed and placed in service on January 1, 2019. The pump’s cost is $608,000; installing, testing, and debugging the machine will cost $12,000 (which should be capitalized). The pump would be assigned to the 3-year class for depreciation under the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) and is expected to have an $80,000 salvage value when it is sold at the end of 4 years. Depreciation on the equipment would be recognized starting in 2019, and MACRS rates (rounded) would be as follows: Year 1 33 % Year 2 45 Year 3 15 Year 4 7 The current pump is being depreciated under MACRS and will be fully depreciated by the time the new pump is placed in service. If the firm purchases the new pump, it will sell the current pump for a net price of $50,000. At the current rate of production, the new pump’s greater efficiency will result in annual pretax cash savings of $125,000. VacuTech is able to sell all testing instruments that it can produce. Because of the new pump’s increased speed, output is expected to increase by 30 units in 2019, 50 units in both 2020 and 2021, and 70 units in 2022. Cash-based manufacturing costs for all additional units would be reduced by $150 per unit (in addition to the $125,000 savings noted above). VacuTech is subject to a 40% income tax rate. For evaluating capital investment proposals, management assumes that annual cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 15% after-tax discount rate.
1. Calculate the net present value (NPV) at January 1, 2019, of the estimated after-tax cash flows that would result from its acquisition. (Use the built-in NPV function in Excel to estimate the NPV of the proposed investment.)
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Ans :
Particulars |
2019 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
Total NPV |
Yr 0 |
Yr 1 |
Yr 2 |
Yr 3 |
Yr 4 |
||
Cash Operating Savings |
125000 |
125000 |
125000 |
125000 |
||
Depreciation Tax Shield ( note 1) |
204600 |
279000 |
93000 |
43400 |
||
Contribution earned on increase in output due to new machine ( note 2 ) |
36000 |
60000 |
60000 |
84000 |
||
Profit on sale of old equipment |
50000 |
|||||
Salvage of new equipment in last yr |
80000 |
|||||
a)Total additional cash flow |
50000 |
365600 |
464000 |
278000 |
332400 |
|
b)Less: tax effect (a*40%) |
20000 |
146240 |
185600 |
111200 |
132960 |
|
c)Cash Saving After Tax (a-b) |
30000 |
219360 |
278400 |
166800 |
199440 |
|
d)Deprecation Tax Shield |
204600 |
279000 |
93000 |
43400 |
||
e)Purchase of New Equipment ( 608000 + 12000) |
-620,000 |
|||||
f)Increase in Cash Flows After Tax (c+d+e) |
-590000 |
4,23,960 |
5,57,400 |
2,59,800 |
2,42,840 |
|
g)Discount Factor (1/1.15)^ n |
1 |
0.8696 |
0.7561 |
0.6575 |
0.5718 |
|
h)Present Value (f* g) |
-590000 |
368661 |
421474 |
170823 |
138845 |
509803 |
As per the above calculation, the NPV of replacing the old system with new system is $ 509803, hence the system should not be replaced. |
Note1 : depreciation
Yr 1 = 620000 * 33 % = 204600
Yr 2 = 620000 * 45 % = 279000
Yr 3 = 620000 * 15 % = 93000
Yr 4 = 620000 * 7 % = 43400
Note – 2 ) Contribution earned on increase in output due to new machine
S.P. per unit = 3500
Less : variable manufacturing cost per unit = 2450 – 150 ( decrease in cost , mentioned in 5th last line of the sum) = 2300
Contribution per unit = 3500 – 2300 = 1200 per unit
Total saving in yr 1 = 1200 * 30 units = 36000
Total saving in yr 2 = 1200 * 50 units = 60000
Total saving in yr 3 = 1200 * 50 units = 60000