Question

Andretti Company has a single product called a Dak. The company normally produces and sells 82,000 Daks each year at a selling price of $58 per unit. The company’s unit costs at this level of activity are given below:

Direct materials	$	9.50
Direct labor		12.00
Variable manufacturing overhead		2.60
Fixed manufacturing overhead		9.00	($738,000 total)
Variable selling expenses		2.70
Fixed selling expenses		3.00	($246,000 total)
Total cost per unit	$	38.80

A number of questions relating to the production and sale of Daks follow. Each question is independent.

Required:

1-a. Assume that Andretti Company has sufficient capacity to produce 106,600 Daks each year without any increase in fixed manufacturing overhead costs. The company could increase its unit sales by 30% above the present 82,000 units each year if it were willing to increase the fixed selling expenses by $110,000. What is the financial advantage (disadvantage) of investing an additional $110,000 in fixed selling expenses?

1-b. Would the additional investment be justified?

2. Assume again that Andretti Company has sufficient capacity to produce 106,600 Daks each year. A customer in a foreign market wants to purchase 24,600 Daks. If Andretti accepts this order it would have to pay import duties on the Daks of $1.70 per unit and an additional $17,220 for permits and licenses. The only selling costs that would be associated with the order would be $2.10 per unit shipping cost. What is the break-even price per unit on this order?

3. The company has 800 Daks on hand that have some irregularities and are therefore considered to be "seconds." Due to the irregularities, it will be impossible to sell these units at the normal price through regular distribution channels. What is the unit cost figure that is relevant for setting a minimum selling price?

4. Due to a strike in its supplier’s plant, Andretti Company is unable to purchase more material for the production of Daks. The strike is expected to last for two months. Andretti Company has enough material on hand to operate at 25% of normal levels for the two-month period. As an alternative, Andretti could close its plant down entirely for the two months. If the plant were closed, fixed manufacturing overhead costs would continue at 35% of their normal level during the two-month period and the fixed selling expenses would be reduced by 20% during the two-month period.

a. How much total contribution margin will Andretti forgo if it closes the plant for two months?

b. How much total fixed cost will the company avoid if it closes the plant for two months?

c. What is the financial advantage (disadvantage) of closing the plant for the two-month period?

d. Should Andretti close the plant for two months?

5. An outside manufacturer has offered to produce 82,000 Daks and ship them directly to Andretti’s customers. If Andretti Company accepts this offer, the facilities that it uses to produce Daks would be idle; however, fixed manufacturing overhead costs would be reduced by 30%. Because the outside manufacturer would pay for all shipping costs, the variable selling expenses would be only two-thirds of their present amount. What is Andretti’s avoidable cost per unit that it should compare to the price quoted by the outside manufacturer?

Answer 1

1-a. Financial advantage: $657520

Increased sales in units (82000 x 30%)	24600
Contribution margin per unit*	31.20
Incremental contribution margin	767520
Less: Additional fixed selling expenses	110000
Financial advantage $	657520
*Contribution margin per unit
Sales price $	58.00
Less variable costs:
Direct materials	9.50
Direct labor	12.00
Variable manufacturing overhead	2.60
Variable selling expense	2.70
Total variable costs	26.80
Contribution per unit $	31.20

1-b. Yes

2. Break-even price per unit: $28.60

Variable manufacturing cost per unit ($9.50 + $12 + $2.60)	24.10
Import duties per unit	1.70
Permits and licenses ($17220/24600)	0.70
Shipping cost per unit	2.10
Break-even price per unit $	28.60

3. Relevant unit cost: $2.70 per unit

The variable selling expense is the only relevant cost for setting a minimum selling price since it is a future cost while all other costs are sunk costs.

4.

a.	Forgone contribution margin	-106610.40
b.	Total avoidable fixed costs	88150.00
c.	Financial disadvantage	-18460.40

4-d. No

Working:

Contribution margin lost*		-106610.40
Avoidable fixed costs
Fixed manufacturing overhead cost ($738000 x 2/12 x 65%)	79950
Fixed selling cost ($246000 x 2/12 x 20%)	8200	88150.00
Financial (disadvantage) of closing the plant $		-18460.40

*Contribution margin lost

Two months production and sales = 82000 x 2/12

Number of units produced = 25% x 82000 x 2/12 = 3417 units

Contribution margin lost = 3417 x $31.20 = $106610.40

5. Avoidable cost per unit: $27.70

Variable manufacturing costs ($9.50 + $12.00 + $2.60)	24.10
Fixed manufacturing overhead costs ($9 x 30%)	2.70
Variable selling expense ($2.70 x 1/3)	0.90
Total avoidable unit cost $	27.70