Question

1) Does the fact that the speed of light is a definite, predictable quantity conflict with the uncertainty relations?

2) How could you tell if electrons in very distant galaxies obey the Pauli exclusion principle?

Can you answer these question,please?

Answer 1

1) Momentum of the photon is taken as

p = E/c , knowing E and c are definite quantities.

p =0 - uncertainty of p

but we can not predict the position x, of the photon at any given instant of time with any certainty . Uncertainty principle states p*x is const.

We know c and there by p definitely but not the position, thus it is not a violation of the uncertainty principle

2) Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons can occupy the same sate, have all four quantum number same.

if this not followed all electrons can occupy the 1s state which is the lowest energy state. In such a case the chemical behavior of the elements would be drastically different even in distant Galaxies. From the observation from distant Galaxies we did have any different spectral behavior of element. hence we must conclude that Pauli principle is followed even in distant Galaxies.