Question

NEED 2019!!!!! 2019 Will need 1040 2019 as well as a schedule 1, as well as schedule C, scheduled D as well as FORM 8949

Ken (birthdate July 1, 1988) and Amy (birthdate July 4, 1990) Booth have brought you the following information regarding their income, expenses, and withholding for the year. They are unsure which of these items must be used to calculate taxable income.

Income: Ken's salary (salesman) $28,500 Amy's wages (part-time nurse) 17,500 Insurance reimbursement for repairs from an auto accident 500 Gift from Uncle George 2,000 Interest income from Lodge State Bank 840 Federal income taxes withheld: From Ken's salary 2,600 From Amy's wages 650

Amy owns and operates a computer bookstore named "The Disk Drive". The store is located at 2000 Broadway Street, Menomonie, WI 54751. During 2019, Amy had the following income and expenses:

Sales of books $321,000 Expenses Store rental 16,000 Office expense 6,000 Advertising 11,700 City business license 1,020 Payroll 83,550 Payroll taxes 8,400 Utilities 8,050 Other 3,000 Cost of inventory sold 185,000

Amy treats inventory as non-incidental materials and supplies.

This year, Amy loaned a friend $10,000 so that he could make an investment. Instead of making the investment, the friend lost all the money gambling and left for parts unknown. Amy has no hope of ever collecting on this bad debt.

Ken, who ordinarily never gambles, won $20,000 at a casino birthday party for one of his friends.

The Booths provide the sole support for Ken's parents, Rod (Social Security number 124-80-9050) and Mary (Social Security number 489-37-6676) Booth, who live in their own home. Ken and Amy live at 2345 Wilson Avenue, Menomonie, WI, 54751, and their Social Security numbers are 343-75-3456 (Ken) and 123-45-7890 (Amy). Ken and Amy can claim a $500 other dependent credit for each parent.

Required:
Complete the Booth's Form 1040 and the related schedules and forms provided. Assume the taxpayers had full-year health coverage and neither taxpayer wants to contribute to the presidential election campaign.

A statement is required to be attached to a return for a nonbusiness bad debt, but this requirement may be ignored for this problem. You may ignore any related self-employment taxes. Assume no 1099-B is filed in association with the bad debt when filling out Form 8949.

• You may need to complete the other forms before completing the Form 1040.
• If an amount box does not require an entry or the answer is zero, enter "0".
• If required, round amounts to the nearest dollar.
• Enter all amounts as positive numbers. However, if required, use the minus sign to enter a "loss".

Answer 1

The horizontal axis of the diagram shows real GDP—that is, the level of GDP adjusted for inflation. The vertical axis shows the price level. Price level is the average price of all goods and services produced in the economy. It's an index number, like the GDP deflator.

[Wait, what's a GDP deflator again?]

Notice on the graph that as the price level rises, the aggregate supply—quantity of goods and services supplied—rises as well. Why do you think this is?

The price level shown on the vertical axis represents prices for final goods or outputs bought in the economy, not the price level for intermediate goods and services that are inputs to production. The AS curve describes how suppliers will react to a higher price level for final outputs of goods and services while the prices of inputs like labor and energy remain constant.

If firms across the economy face a situation where the price level of what they produce and sell is rising but their costs of production are not rising, then the lure of higher profits will induce them to expand production.

Potential GDP

If you look at our example graph above, you'll see that the slope of the AS curve changes from nearly flat at its far left to nearly vertical at its far right. At the far left of the aggregate supply curve, the level of output in the economy is far below potential GDP—the quantity that an economy can produce by fully employing its existing levels of labor, physical capital, and technology, in the context of its existing market and legal institutions.

At these relatively low levels of output, levels of unemployment are high, and many factories are running only part-time or have closed their doors. In this situation, a relatively small increase in the prices of the outputs that businesses sell—with no rise in input prices—can encourage a considerable surge in the quantity of aggregate supply—real GDP—because so many workers and factories are ready to swing into production.

As the quantity produced increases, however, certain firms and industries will start running into limits—for example, nearly all of the expert workers in a certain industry could have jobs or factories in certain geographic areas or industries might be running at full speed.

In the intermediate area of the AS curve, a higher price level for outputs continues to encourage a greater quantity of output, but as the increasingly steep upward slope of the aggregate supply curve shows, the increase in quantity in response to a given rise in the price level will not be quite as large.

At the far right, the aggregate supply curve becomes nearly vertical. At this quantity, higher prices for outputs cannot encourage additional output because even if firms want to expand output, the inputs of labor and machinery in the economy are fully employed.

In our example AS curve, the vertical line in the exhibit shows that potential GDP occurs at a total output of 9,500. When an economy is operating at its potential GDP, machines and factories are running at capacity, and the unemployment rate is relatively low at the natural rate of unemployment. For this reason, potential GDP is sometimes also called full-employment GDP.

Why does AS cross potential GDP?

The aggregate supply curve is typically drawn to cross the potential GDP line. This shape may seem puzzling—How can an economy produce at an output level which is higher than its potential or full-employment GDP?

The economic intuition here is that if prices for outputs were high enough, producers would make fanatical efforts to produce: all workers would be on double-overtime, all machines would run 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Such hyper-intense production would go beyond using potential labor and physical capital resources fully to using them in a way that is not sustainable in the long term. Thus, it is indeed possible for production to sprint above potential GDP, but only in the short run.

So, in the short run, it is possible for producers to supply less or more GDP than potential if demand is too low or too high. In the long run, however, producers are limited to producing at potential GDP.

For this reason, economists also refer to the AS curve as the short run aggregate supply curve, or SRAS curve. The vertical line at potential GDP may also be referred to as the long run aggregate supply curve, or LRAS curve.

The Aggregate Demand Curve

Aggregate demand, or AD, refers to the amount of total spending on domestic goods and services in an economy. Strictly speaking, AD is what economists call total planned expenditure. We'll talk about that more in other articles, but for now, just think of aggregate demand as total spending.

Aggregate demand includes all four components of demand:

• Consumption
• Investment
• Government spending
• Net exports—exports minus imports

This demand is determined by a number of factors; one of them is the price level. An aggregate demand curve shows the total spending on domestic goods and services at each price level.

You can see an example aggregate demand curve below. Just like in an aggregate supply curve, the horizontal axis shows real GDP and the vertical axis shows price level. But there's a big difference in the shape of the AD curve—it slopes down. This downward slope indicates that increases in the price level of outputs lead to a lower quantity of total spending.