1. Generally, how is hormone function regulated in plants? 2. How is Auxin transported? 3. How...

1. Generally, how is hormone function regulated in plants?

2. How is Auxin transported?

3. How does auxin regulate branching?

Expert Solution

1. In plants, various systems are regulated by hormones through the formation of signalling network. There are interactions among hormonal signal transduction cascades. Common second messenger or phosphorylation cascade is activated by the interaction of phytohormones. Defense network is formed by several interacting phytohormones against environmental stress. Phytohormones interaction and defense signalling pathway contribute to host resistance mechanism.

2. Auxin is transported by two mechanisms. Firstly, it moves through the phloem (in the sap) from the source to the sink. Secondly, it moves from cell to cell. Either through the influx transporters of plasma membrane or by diffusion, auxin enters the cell. PIN proteins or efflux transporters help auxin to move out. In the plasma membrane, transmembrane proteins are inserted. When they are localized at the top of a cell, they move auxin towards the top. When they are localized at the basal area, they move auxin downwards. When they are localized at the lateral part, they move auxin laterally.

3. Movement of auxin inhibits shoot branching. Shoot branching is promoted by either removal of the shoot apex or blocking polar auxin transport.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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