1. Generally, how is hormone function regulated in plants? 2. How is Auxin transported? 3. How...

1. Generally, how is hormone function regulated in plants?

2. How is Auxin transported?

3. How does auxin regulate branching?

Expert Solution

1. In plants, various systems are regulated by hormones through the formation of signalling network. There are interactions among hormonal signal transduction cascades. Common second messenger or phosphorylation cascade is activated by the interaction of phytohormones. Defense network is formed by several interacting phytohormones against environmental stress. Phytohormones interaction and defense signalling pathway contribute to host resistance mechanism.

2. Auxin is transported by two mechanisms. Firstly, it moves through the phloem (in the sap) from the source to the sink. Secondly, it moves from cell to cell. Either through the influx transporters of plasma membrane or by diffusion, auxin enters the cell. PIN proteins or efflux transporters help auxin to move out. In the plasma membrane, transmembrane proteins are inserted. When they are localized at the top of a cell, they move auxin towards the top. When they are localized at the basal area, they move auxin downwards. When they are localized at the lateral part, they move auxin laterally.

3. Movement of auxin inhibits shoot branching. Shoot branching is promoted by either removal of the shoot apex or blocking polar auxin transport.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

2. How are oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood? 3. Hyperventilation is used...

2. How are oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood? 3. Hyperventilation is used by swimmers before they dive. Why? Also, why is that fatal? 4. What happens to the cardiac output when there is a tamponade (buildup of pericardial fluid)? Why is this fatal?

37-1/Which of the following functions is regulated by the hormone melatonin? Select one: _ a. Circadian...

37-1/Which of the following functions is regulated by the hormone melatonin? Select one: _ a. Circadian rhythm _ b. Adaptation to stress c. Start of labor d. Skin pigmentation 2/A 67 years old women with a family history of a Graves' disease, an autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of antibodies directed against thyroid stimulating hormone receptors in the thyroid gland. Her condition is due to: Select one: a. A shortage of B lymphocytes _ b. an implanted "foreign" thyroid...

1) How are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in the blood. 2) Give an illustrated account...

1) How are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in the blood. 2) Give an illustrated account of the structure and function of the gas exchange region of the lung.

Question 1: Why are banks regulated and protected by government? Question 2: In the past 3...

Question 1: Why are banks regulated and protected by government? Question 2: In the past 3 years, briefly summarize one major Bank Fraud example?

Consider the following function: (?) = ?(?3 + 1), ? = 0, 1, 2, 3 What...

Consider the following function: (?) = ?(?3 + 1), ? = 0, 1, 2, 3 What is the value of the constant ? so that (?) is a pmf? Plug-in the value of ? in the expression of (?) and show the pmf in a table. Draw a probability histogram of the pmf. Find the cdf (?) and write it explicitly defined over the entire real number line. Draw the cdf (?). Calculate the probabilities: (i). (0 < ? ≤...

1- what are the 4 GH (growth hormone) effects? 2- cells that produce prolactin ----- 3-...

1- what are the 4 GH (growth hormone) effects? 2- cells that produce prolactin ----- 3- prolactin is not under feedback control by peripheral hormone. a- true b- false 4- Ergot compounds (bromocriptin and Cabergolin) interact highly with what 3 receptor types? 5- Do GnRH work in the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary? 6- Which anterior hormones are single chain hormones with significant homology? 7- which anterior pituitary hormones is a peptide cleaved from POMC?

1. What function do fungi have in common with bacteria? 2. What % of plants obtain...

1. What function do fungi have in common with bacteria? 2. What % of plants obtain minerals through symbiotic relationships with fungi? _______________ 3. The cell wall of fungi is made of this substance: ________________________ 4. Multicellular fungi consist of thread-like structures called ________________________ that combine to form a thick mat of thread-like fibers called a _____________________________. 5. All fungi are heterotrophs/autotrophs (circle one). 6. Some fungi are saprobes. This means that they obtain nutrients from __________________________________________________. 7. How do...

1) Hormone: Gastrin from the __stomach_ wall > stimulates production of ____ 2) Hormone: Secretin from...

1) Hormone: Gastrin from the ____stomach_____ wall > stimulates production of ______ 2) Hormone: Secretin from the ___________ wall > stimulated by the presence of _____ > leads to release of __________________ How does the pancreas know what mixture of enzymes to release for digestion? 3) Hormone: Cholecystokinin sent via blood to the _____________ to signal need for release of ________, which is needed for the digestion of _______. Cholecystokinin also slows gut motility. What if a person has had...

5. Explain how the plasma concentration of free Ca2+ concentration is regulated and include the function...

5. Explain how the plasma concentration of free Ca2+ concentration is regulated and include the function of inorganic phosphate (HPO42-) in this process. Please give a detailed answer. Add supportive equation if possible.

1. WHAT ARE STOMATA? WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT TO PLANTS? 2. EXPLAIN HOW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF...

1. WHAT ARE STOMATA? WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT TO PLANTS? 2. EXPLAIN HOW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI MAKE THEM MORE RELATED TO ANIMALS THAN PLANTS. 3.DISCUSS THE METABOLIC DIVERSITY OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS.

Question