Question

Briefly explain the following terms in a few sentences:

a. Resolution of optical microscopy

b. Langmuir versus Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film

c. The wavelength of electrons at an acceleration voltage of 100 kV

d. Chemically amplified photoresist

e. Elastic versus inelastic scattering

f. Capillary force

Answer 1

a)The resolution of an optical microscope is defined as the shortest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished by the observer or camera system as separate entities.these are basically used in the studies of biology to see the cells of bacteria and finding its various properties.

Its used in physics to distinguish between two separate lines to check various chemicals.

b)Langmuir Films are thin organic films of a thickness of just one molecule and are the source of high expectations. As useful components in many practical and commercial applications such as sensors, detectors, displays and electronic circuit components.

A Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film is a nanostructured system formed when Langmuir films - or Langmuir monolayers (LM)- are transferred from the liquid-gas interface to solid supports during the vertical passage of the support through the monolayers.

c)   wavelength of electron is given as                 

                                            

m is the mass of electron, h is the planck constant, e is charge and V is the potential.

     wavelength is 3.88*10^(-12)m

d)Today, all photoresists used today for microelectronics fabrication employ the concept of chemical amplification to enhance the efficiency of light utilization.

The photoresist film is composed of a polymer that bears acid-sensitive groups pendant to the polymer chain. Dissolved in the solid polymer film is a small quantity of a compound that produces an acidic product when it absorbs light. A latent image of acid product is formed in the film when exposed to a pattern of light. In a subsequent heating step, this acid catalyzes the fragmentation of the groups pendant to the polymer chain (termed deprotection). The acid is not consumed in the deprotection reaction and can therefore catalyze the reaction repeatedly. Experimental measurements show that one hundred to on thousand deprotection reactions occur for every acid formed; this is the origin of "chemical amplification".

e)kinetic energy and momentum remain conserved in elastic scattering but kinetic energy doesn't remain conserved in inelastic scattering.

f)capillary force provide the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity. It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces.(adhesive force of attraction).

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