In: Accounting
There are 2 ways to account for bad debt. The fundamental difference is in timing difference of bad debts expense recognition and accounting principles applied for accounting bad debt expense.
Direct write-off method: This method accounts for bad debts based on actual bad debts that is when customer is unable to pay and it is confirmed that it is a bad debt. In this case the bad debts are debited to Income statement and credit is given to Accounts receivable. Accounts receivable are shown as net in Balance sheet. There is no separate account used for bad debts accounting like allowance account. This method is not in accordance with accrual concept and matching concept since bad debts are not accrued for each period and bad debts of different period can be charged to sales of different period.
Percentage of allowance method: This method considers the percentage of allowance on credit sales and aging of accounts receivables during the period and accounting is done through an Allowance for uncollectible receivables. The bad expense is calculated as percentage of closing Accounts receivable balance. A bad debts expense is debited and credit is given to allowance for uncollectible receivables. Only when the dues are unable to be recovered it is debited to Allowance for uncollectible receivables account and credit is given to accounts receivable account. The provision for doubtful debts is a contra asset account with credit balance. It is deducted from Accounts receivable balance and net balance of Accounts receivable is shown in Balance sheet. This method is in accordance with accrual concept and matching concept since bad debts are accrued in the period in which sales take place and bad debts expense match the sales recognised in the period.