Question

1.Explain how to prepare, use and maintain tools and materials for the UV gel nail enhancements

2.Compare the different methods of disinfecting and sterilising tools and equipment

3.Explain the importance of, and reasons for, using the correct UV wattage and curing

4.Explain the questioning and listening skills required to find out information

Answer 1

1.uv nail enhancement have following steps

List the steps to take when applying one-color UV gel on tips or natural nails.
1. Clean the nails and remove the existing polish
2. Apply cuticle remover to the nail plate, use pusher to gently push back the eponychium.
3. Lightly buff the nail plate with a medium abrasive to remove the shine.
4. Remove the dust from the nail surface per the manufacturer's recommendations.
5. Use a solvent-based cleanser to remove any oils from the fingernail.
6. Apply nail tips.
7. Apply bonding or priming material.
8. Cure the bonding gel.
9. Gently brush UV or LED gel onto the fingernail surface, including the free edge.
10. Properly position the hand in the UV or LED lamp for the required cure time.
11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 on the left hand and then the same steps for both thumbs.
12. Apply a small amount of self-leveling gel over the properly cured first layer.
13. Cure second UV gel.
14. Repeat steps 12 & 13.
15. Apply another layer of the second gel if needed.
16. Remove the inhibition layer by cleaning with the manufacturer's cleanser.
17 Using a medium abrasive refine the surface contour.
18. Remove the dust and filings with a clean and disinfected nylon brush. Remove any oils that may have been deposited on the fingernail during filing.
19. Apply a first, thin coat of gel polish over the entire surface of the enhancement in a brushing technique.
20. Place the hand inside the UV or LED lamp.
21. Apply a second thin coat of gel polish over the entire surface of the enhancement in a brushing technique.
22. Cure a second coat of gel polish. Next, apply gloss gel (sealer, gloss, or finisher gel).
23. Cure the gloss gel. Then remove the inhibition layer.
24. Apply nail oil and hand lotion and massage the hand and arm.
25. Clean the nail enhancements.
to maintain UV gel nail enhancements.
1. Clean the nails and remove the existing polish. Push back the eponychium and remove the cuticle from the nail plate.
2. Lightly buff the natural nail regrowth with a medium abrasive to remove the shine on the surface of the natural nail plate.
3. Remove the dust from the nail surface. Then clean and dehydrate the nail. Apply primer or bonding gel to the natural nail. Cure the bonding resin.
4. Lightly brush the gel onto the nail from the natural nail regrowth to the free edge.
5. Cure the first UV gel.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 on the other hand. Then repeat the same steps for both thumbs.
7. Cure the UV or LED gel and remove the inhibition layer.
8. Using a medium abrasive, refine the surface contour.
9. Remove the dust. Clean the fingernail and apply the gloss gel.
10. Cure the gloss gel and remove the inhibition layer, if required.
11. Apply the nail oil and hand lotion. Then massage the hand and arm.
12. Clean the nail enhancements.

The supplies or material needed for this is UV or LED gel lamp; brush; UV or LED gel primer or bonding gel; UV or LED gel; nail tips; nail adhesive; nail cleanser; abrasive files and buffers; lint-free cleansing wipes.

2.Disinfection and sterilization are both decontamination processes. While disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing harmful microorganisms from inanimate objects and surfaces, sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms. That is the main difference between sterilizing and disinfecting. Sterilization also destroys the spores of various organisms present on surfaces, in liquids, in medication, or in compounds such as biological culture media. Such "extreme" forms of decontamination are needed during critical times like surgery, or in environments like industrial, laboratory or hospital. It is more practical to use disinfection in everyday life.

Disinfection is usually carried out by using disinfectants (chemicals). Some disinfectants may be very effective and have a wide spectrum (have the capability of destroying a wide variety of microorganism) while others may have a narrow spectrum but, they may be easy to use, be non toxic or inexpensive.

Sterilization can be done by three methods: physical, chemical and physiochemical. Physical method includes heat, radiation, and filtration. Chemical methods involve using liquid and gaseous chemicals. Physiochemical is a combination of physical and chemical method.

Types
Disinfection

Air disinfectants - disinfectant is dispersed as either as an aerosol or vapour at a sufficient concentration in the air to cause the number of viable infectious microorganisms to be significantly reduced. Chemicals used propylene glycol and triethylene glycol.
Alcohols - high-concentration can effectively inactivate viruses such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Chemicals present usually ethanol or isopropanol. It is safe and inexpensive to use in household environment, care has to be taken around inflammable items.
Aldehydes – are somewhat effective on spores and fungus also. Chemicals - formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde.
Oxidizing agents – Cause the microorganism to collapse. Chlorine and oxygen are strong oxidizers, so their compounds are used for e.g. common household bleach. In fact it is the most cost-effective home disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite solution) is used to clean toilets, drains, surfaces, swimming pool.
Phenolics – It is oldest known disinfectant for e.g. mouthwashes, Dettol. Chemicals - Phenol, Chloroxylenol
Quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") – These are effective low level disinfectants. Chemicals - benzalkonium chloride.
Biguanide polymer polyaminopropyl biguanide - bactericidal at very low concentrations (10 mg/l)
High-intensity shortwave ultraviolet light are used to disinfect smooth, opaque materials.
Common sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has disinfectant properties.

Sterilization

Steam - Used in machines called autoclaves. Autoclaves use steam heated to 121–134 °C (250–273 °F). To achieve sterility, a holding time of at least 15 minutes at 121 °C (250 °F) or 3 minutes at 134 °C (273 °F) is required. Autoclave treatment inactivates all fungi, bacteria, viruses and also bacterial spores. Pressure cooking food is also steam sterilization though it is not that thorough.
Heating – Under heating flaming, incineration, boiling in water, tindalization, dry heat. These methods inactivate and kill microorganisms in objects like glass, metals. Boiling in water for 15min inactivates viruses and kills most vegetative bacteria. However it has no effect on the spores. Tindilization means boiling for 20 minutes and then cooling, again re-boiling and cooling for three times. This method is more effective on sporulating bacteria than just boiling. Dry heat method can be used on powders and items that bear very high them of heat.

Chemical sterilization – Chemicals like Ethylene oxide, Ozone, Bleach, Glutaraldehyde and Formaldehyde, Phthalaldehyde, Hydrogen Peroxide, Dry sterilization process, Peracetic acid and Silver are used in varying degrees. Products that can get damaged due to heat are subjected to chemical sterilization for e.g. biological materials, fiber optics, electronics, and plastics. Ethylene oxide gas and Ozone gas oxidize most organic matter. Though bleach and Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde solutions is used as a disinfectant, it’s a much more concentrated in sterilization also infected item is left immersed for long duration for effective sterilization. Dry sterilization process with chemicals is useful for sterilizing plastic bottles medical and pharmaceutical applications.
Radiation sterilization - Electron beams, X-rays, gamma rays, or subatomic particles are used for sterilizing disposable medical equipment, such as syringes, needles, cannulas, IV sets and biological safety cabinets between uses.
Sterile filtration - Clear liquids that would be damaged by heat, irradiation or chemical sterilization can be sterilized by mechanical filtration. Fileration is done through pores that are smaller in size than the organism in question and this has to be done very slowly.

3.UV lights are simple when we begin to understand how the lamp works in combination with the gel. UV light comes in a few different flavors. These flavors are known as wavelengths. Most gels cure well in wavelengths of 340 to 380 nanometers (nm). Within a given wavelength of UV light, there is a variance of UV light intensity. The intensity is dependant upon the wattage of the bulb (i.e., from 4 watts to 9 watts there will be an increase in intensity just as there’s a difference between a 25-watt bulb and a 75-watt bulb) and the number of bulbs in the lamp. The more bulbs a lamp has, the more UV intensity the lamp will emit. The fourth and final aspect of a lamp’s ability to cure a gel is how far the bulbs are from the fingernails. The farther the bulbs are away from the gel, the slower the gel will cure. If the bulbs are too far away, the gel may not even cure at all.

All these factors have a significant effect on the curing of UV gels because manufacturers use chemicals called photoinitiators in their gels. The photoinitiators react when exposed to various wavelengths of UV light. Some photoinitiators react upon exposure to 340 nm of light while others will not react. Some photoinitiators react when exposed to 365 nm of UV light. Some photoinitiators are more reactive than others at a certain wavelength.

When nail technicians use UV light to cure gel products, it is important to remember that the nail manufacturer knows what UV light intensity is required to cure the gel. So, if a gel manufacturer says that its gel requires two 4-watt bulbs to cure the gel, this will be sufficient. However, if a manufacturer has determined that its gel cures best in a 9-watt lamp that contains four bulbs, do not attempt to cure the gel in a 4-watt lamp. The gel will become a solid plastic, but the resulting plastic will not be as hard or as durable as it would be if cured in the 9-watt lamp. This information is important because the nail technician should know that all UV lamps are not equal and will not perform the same. It is also important to realize that not all UV bulbs are the same and it is advisable to buy the best bulb for your gel.

4.Questioning and listening skills are pivotal to effective communication and creating mutual understanding. These vital communication tools are requisite for building effective working and personal relationships. Interpersonal communication skills are the foundation of business success and the most highly sought after employees are those who are able to capitalise on these abilities.

Listening skill is important for

Raise awareness of the significance of active and reflective listening and understand the difference between quality listening and merely 'hearing'
Learn how to devote more mental processing capacity to the act of listening to enhance the quantity of data which can be processed
Understand a variety of listening styles and discover how to apply them appropriately to various scenarios for maximum effectiveness
Identify and prevent listening barriers which hamper efforts to actively listen, build rapport and connect with another person

Questioning skill is important for

Discover the vital role questions play in our everyday communication and how they can be used to strategically gather information
Understand how your questioning stance and intention impacts the way in which you ask for information and receive answers
Identify specific questioning techniques and find out how they are best suited to specific occasions, people and information
Comprehend the pool of question types that can be used to obtain the required information with the appropriate level of detail.

Asking the right questions lets your hear the information you really need to understand as long as you are actively listening. You may not like the answers but need the information to move forward! It is impossible to fully resolve a problem if you don't fully understand the issues first.