Question

1.What are the components of a CBC lab and what does each component tell us about a child's hematologic function?
2.Explain the pathophysiology of iron deficiency Anemia diagnosed in pediatric patient?
3.Discuss why a child admitted with sickle cell disease would require hydration, pain management and antibiotics as part of their treatment management.
4.What are the nursing considerations in preventing myelosupression in a pediatric patient with leukemia?
5.What would you want to include in parent/ patient education for a child with hemophilia?

please I would appreciate if you add references. Thank you

Answer 1

1. RBC, WBC, WBC DIFFERENTIAL, PLATELETS, MEAN PLATELETE COUNT, HEMATOCRIT, HAEMOGLOBIN

RBC oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
WBC the immune capability of the body
Platelets the clotting capacity of the blood
HB level the component of RBC, oxygen carrying important in RBC

2. Pathophysiology of iron deficiency anemia

When the storage iron levels in the body are reduced, causes of this can be reduced absorption of iron from intestine, reduced intake of iron and there can be loss of iron through urine and one of the major cause is chronic blood loss.

These causes can lead to iron deficiency anemia and there will reduced production of RBCs.

3. HYDRATION

Drinking water promotes healthy blood flow and reduces the chance of red blood cells sickling and sticking together. It keeps blood cells supple so they can move more freely within our blood vessels. This reduces the chance of clot formation.

PAIN MANAGEMENT

Pain develops when sickle-shaped red blood cells block blood flow through tiny blood vessels. They cause mild to severe pain. Pain management is necessary to reduce the pain caused.

ANTIBIOTIC

Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at increased risk for infection, thay have a weak immune system, antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduces this risk. Commonly cuased bacterial infection is by pneumoccocus.

4.

Myelosuppression is a serious side effect of chemotherapy. It is also called as bone marrow suppression. Myelosuppression decreases the production of red blood cells, or white blood cells , or platelets, or all the three.

The signs of Myelosuppression are, patients feel dizziness, problems in breathing, and fatige. Increased heart beat rate, pale skin in the lips, infections, bruising and bleeding are also symptoms of Myelosuppression.

The CBC(Complete Blood Count)test is very useful in finding out the blood cell count.

The nursing consideration in Myelosuppression : Abstaining from alcohol, drinking sufficent water, have a high-protein diet, avoid anything that causes bleeding, always wash hands before eating to avoid infections.

5. Patient teaching
Educate parents about the signs of haemorrhage.
Educate parents not to skip any follow up session.
Educate parents to advise child about his or her condition and to carry an emergency bracelet or kit wherever they go.
Provide psychological support to the parents
Educated about support groups.

Educate not to skip any session with the dentist.

Reference

K Park textbook of preventive and social medicine

Kozier and erb's textbook of fundamental nursing