Question

Ryan is a 12 year old diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). As a small child, Ryan was first diagnosed with Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder. He had just started preschool and was unable to remain in one place for more than a minute or two. His parents had already had a very difficult time in disciplining him, because he would become very upset and throw temper tantrums when he could not do as he wished. He just seemed to be an unhappy, irritable child. This behavior continued in school. As time progressed, Ryan was diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder, because he continued to refuse to listen to adults and comply with the rules.

By the age of 12, he has begun to bully and annoy others. His parents have decided that the approaches they have used in the past are not working, and they are more afraid his behavior will only get worse.

Initial Post

Provide explanations for these questions and statements:

• Describe the behaviors apparent for each disorder in this scenario (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder).
• If this behavior becomes worse and Ryan starts to violate the rights of others, what medical diagnosis will be given and why?
• Discuss at least two types of medication appropriate to treat Ryan and support your choices with rationale and credible resources
• Describe why therapy for the parent is important in this scenario including at least two supporting rationales.

Answer 1

INTRODUTION

ODD is a relatively new diagnosis and there is a periods of difficult behaviours are normal.Toddlers and teens go through periods of difficult behaviours as they strive for autonomy and independence.The main risk factors as follows;

-PARENTAL REJECTION

-INCONSISTENT,UNSUPERVISED CHILD REARING

  -FAMILY CONFLICT

   -DISRUPTED CHILD CARE

-BIOLOGICAL FACTORS LIKE ALTERATIONS IN THE NEUROTRANSMITTER ACTIVITY IN THE BRAIN

-GENETICS

MEANING

   - According to The American Psychiatric Association"s Diagnostics and Statistical Manual ,ODD is defined "as a recurrent pattern of negativistic,defiant,disobediant,and hostile behaviour toward authority"

QUESTION -1

Bhavioural apparent or Behavioural changes as follows;

-Disobedient behaviour

-Disobeying directly by not not following the rules

-Refusing to coperate

-Frequently getting anger

-Persistant fighting

-Excessive arguing

Temper tantrum

-Blaming others for his own behaviours

-Stubbornness

  -Actively does not follow adult requests

  -Angry on others

  -Constant trouble in schools

-Hyperactivity

-Inattention

-Sleping disturbances

-Often leaves seats in classrooms

-Often talks excessively

-Often difficult playing or engaging in leisure activities

  -Be easily distracted

-Less listening capacity

-Forget to do daily activities

QUESTION-2

Medical diagnosis related to oppositional defient disorders include;

1-AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

2-PERSONALITY DISORDERS

3-LEARNING DISORDERS

AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

- Chractrized by disorderd feeling or emotions.

-In affective disorders we can see the following behavioural features as like ODD

-The features are;

-Extremely active

-Less concentration

-Sleepy very litttle

-Impaired judgment and highly distractable

  -Talking so rapidly

-Memory problems and feeling of hopeleness

-Irritabilty

LEARNING DISORDERS

leanring disorder is a disorder charactrized by impaired learning activities

-The main four diagnostic categories are ;

-READIND DISORDERS

-MATHEMATICS DISORDERS

-DISORDERS OF WRITTEN EXPRESSIONS

-LEARNING DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

-In ODD there is learning imapairement,less concentration in study purposes and memory impairement,so there is a chances for gettig learning disorders

QUESTION-3

The two types of medications are as follows;

1-STIMULANTS

2-ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

STIMULANTS

- I s a drug used to increase activity of the central nervous system

-The drug of choice is RITALIN

-Ritalin is a drug used to treat attention deficient hyperactivity disorder

-Why i have choose this drug as follows;

-increses the concentration

-improve attention

-reduce the hyperactivity

-stimulates central nervous systems thus improving memory power

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Why i have choose,

-the drug of choice is RISPERDAL

-this medication help to think positively and clearly

-help to restore the balances of certain natural natural substances in the brain

-used to treat irritability

-safe and effective in childrens

THERAPY USED FOR ODD

-The main therapies related to ODD is;

-PARENT TRAINING PROGRAMME

-INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY

-FAMILY THERAPY

-COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY

-SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING

RATIONALS ARE AS FOLLOWS;

-to express anger appropriately

-to control his temper

-can improve communication skills

-can improve self confident and become comfortable

-reinforce the childs acceptable behaviour and positive behavioural changes

-to establish a trusting relationships

-he can used to control negative behaviours

-help the child learn to accept responsibilities

-to give anger management

-to prevent the incidence of other psychiatric disorders

NURSING DIAGNOSIS

-imapired social interaction related to aggressive behaviour

-anxiety related to confusion about ones own behaviour

-hyperactivity related to irritability

-ineffective coping mechanism related to behaviour problems

-bodily injury related to aggressive behaviour