what are the effects of aging on drug absorption, metabolism and excretion?

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Expert Solution

1)Effects of aging on drug absorption

Drug dissolution is effected via the growing older of the gastrointestinal mucosa in the aged and the reduce of gastric acid secretion (25% - 20% reduction). However, due to the weakening of gastrointestinal motion in the aged and gradual gastric emptying rate, capsules continue to be longer in the gastrointestinal tract, which is conducive to higher drug absorption. The combination of these negative and positive factors generally consequences in normal drug absorption rate.

2) Effects of aging on metabolism

The effect of age on drug metabolism in relation to 4 drugs: caffeine (CYP1A2), midazolam (CYP3A4), morphine (glucuronidation) and paracetamol (glucuronidation and sulphation). For all 4 capsules clearance is drastically reduced in the neonatal period. This reduced clearance remains current in toddlers and young people underneath the age of two years for caffeine, midazolam and morphine however now not for paracetamol. There is full-size inter-individual variation in clearance values for all ages and this seems to be biggest for midazolam. For youngsters aged two years and older the median plasma clearance values for all four pills are comparable to teens and adults.

3) Effects of aging on excretion

The kidney is the fundamental organ concerned in drug excretion; consequently the pharmacokinetics of growing old brought about trade mostly outcomes from decreased kidney functionality. It is the most essential aspect in producing poisonous drug reactions in the elderly.

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Nightingale answered 1 year ago

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