Fresh orange juice is largely water and solids though much of the flavor comes from volatile organics present in small amounts. In producing concentrated orange juice the trick is to drive off the water but not to loose the organics that produce the taste. If fresh orange juice can be thought of as containing 12.0% solids with the balance being water (ignoring the small amount of organics), concentrated orange juice contains 42.0% solids. Initially a single evaporation process was used for the concentration, but the volatile constituents of the juice escaped with the water, leaving the concentrate with a flat taste. The current process overcomes this to a degree by bypassing the evaporator with a fraction of the fresh juice. The juice that enters the evaporator is concentrated to 58% solids, and the evaporator product stream is mixed with the bypassed fresh juice to achieve the desired final concentration. Calculate the amount of of product (42% concentrate) made and the fraction of the feed that bypasses the concentrator. Why not increase the bypass even more to get greater flavor in the concentrate?
In: Chemistry
a. Nickel (II) Chloride dissolves in water to form a light green solution. What ions are present in solution? - that is, what is 'swimming around' in the aqueous solution? Write the formulas.
b. Sodium Carbonate dissolves in water to form a colorless solution. What ions are in solution? Write the formulas.
c. When solutions of nickel (II) chloride and sodium carbonate are combined, a green nickel (II) carbonate precipitate forms. What is the formula of the precipitate?
d. Write the ionic equation representing (1) the reactants as they exist in solution before the reaction and (2) the products as they exist in solution after the reaction.
e. What spectator ions remain in solution in the reaction mixture?
f. Write the net ionic reaction that accounts for the appearance for the precipitate.
If anyone could help me, I'd really appreciate it!
In: Chemistry
In: Chemistry
The element titanium occurs on earth as titanium (IV) oxide and is found mostly in the mineral called rutile. Rutile is abundant in beach sands in Australia and South Africa. For titanium to be useful, rutile has to be processed to obtain the basic metal form of titanium. Although the process is costly, titanium is gaining popularity as a material for various equipment due to its strength and light weight. One such application is in sports equipment.
1) Explain the chemical process of manufacturing the metal form of titanium.
2) Explain why titanium is a good choice of material for golf clubs. When not in use, discuss at least one precaution to observe when storing clubs?
3) During the fabrication of golf clubs, finely divided titanium is generated, which poses a dangerous risk of fire and explosion. Explain the chemical process involved.
In: Chemistry
1. hown many grams of Mg must react with HCl in order
to produce 80.0 mL of hydrogen gas at STP?
2. when dertermining the pressure of dry hydrogen gas, explain how
the measured atmospheric pressure is corrected for the
following:
a- the presence of water vapor
b- at level of liquid in the tube higher than in the beacher.
3. what special precautions should be taken when genetating
hydrogen gas
4. if 0.071g of magnesium is used in this experiment,what volume of
dry H2 gas would theorically be produced if it is measured at 20
celcuis and 785mmHg.
5. what two safery precautions should you take when using
concentrated HCl?
In: Chemistry
In: Chemistry
17. 1.42 g of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CXHYOZ) is subjected to combustion analysis. The results show that 1.95 g of CO2 and 1.68 g of H2O were produced. What is the empirical formula for the compound? If the molecular weight of the compound is 160 g/mol, what is the molecular formula of the compound?
In: Chemistry
In this question please use
the following values for the fundamental constants:
Planck's constant h=6.626x10-34
Js
Speed of light c=2.998x108m/s
Give your answer to 3
significant figures. Do not enter units!
For large or small numbers, use scientific notation, for
example 1.23E-4
In: Chemistry
2.516 g of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CXHYOZ) is subjected to combustion analysis.
The results show that 3.082 g of CO2 and 2.705 g of H2O were produced.
What is the empirical formula for the compound?
If the molecular weight of the compound is 160.2 g/mol, what is the molecular formula of the compound?
In: Chemistry
19.What quantity of NaOH(s) must be added to 1.00 L of 0.200 M HCl to achieve a pH of 12.00? (Assume no volume change.)
20.A 65.5-mL sample of 0.14 M HNO2 (Ka = 4.0 x 10–4) is titrated with 0.11 M NaOH. What is the pH after 26.8 mL of NaOH has been added?
21.
What volume of 0.0100 M NaOH must be added to 1.00 L of 0.0500 M HOCl to achieve a pH of 8.00?
Ka for HOCl is 3.5 x 10–8.
In: Chemistry
For a natural gas composed of: C3H8 in volume fraction 0.998
C4H10 in volume fraction 0.002, Please write a balanced chemical
reaction for the combustion of this natural gas in 10 mol%
sub-stoichiometric air (oxygen and nitrogen).
In: Chemistry
Give the 4 quantum numbers (n,l,ml,ms) for an electron, what they describe and their values.
In: Chemistry
Comparing enantioselective carbonyl reduction using CBS reagent,
and
enantioselective biological reduction using an enzyme, what is an
advantage
and disadvantage for each?
In: Chemistry
explain how an emission spectrum is produced experimentally
In: Chemistry