Question

7.Define septicemia. 8.List toxic effects of aminoglycosides. 9.What are manifestations of ototoxicity? 10.What is nephrotoxicity 11.What are macrolides antibiotics and its adverse reactions? 12.How should clarithromycin and dirithromycin administered? 13.How are sulfonamides excreted? 14.What are the effects of stimulants? 15.What is the medical goal and emergency treatment for a client overdosed on morphine? 16.What should the nurse consider when administering steroids? 17.What is the nurse’s priority when administering digoxin? 18.To evaluate the effectiveness of warfarin (coumadin) which laboratory result should you monitor? 19.When is a cough is considered productive? 20.How does vasoconstrictors act on the vessels? Give example/examples when you would expect to administer a vasoconstrictor.

Answer 1

7)Septicemia is defined as toxins or disease causing bacteria growing in the blood.It is also called

as blood posioning

8)Toxic effects of aminoglycosides are :Ototoxicity,confusion,renal toxicity,gastrointestial irritation,hypersensitivity reactions and palpitations.

9)Ototoxcity means anything that cause deterous effect of eighth cranial nerve.The signs and symtoms include:vertigo,tinnitus,disturbance in balance as well as equilibrum.

10)Nephrotoxcity is defines as poisonous or destructive of the cells of kidney.

11)Macrolides antibioyics are :Azithronycin,Clarithromycin,Dirithromycin,Erythromycin.Adverse effecs are:Gastrointestinal effects,headache,dizziness,lethergy,nephrotoxicity and suoerinfections.

12) Both clarithromycin and dirithromycin are macrolides antibiotics .Dirithromycin are administered once daily for five days and when comes to clarithromycin are need taken for one week twice in a day.

13)Sulfonamides suppress bacterial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid :active aganist broad band septrum of microbes :used primarily to treat urinary tract infection.It is excreted through glomerular filtration as well as tubular resortion.

14)Effects of stiulants include :Irritability,Restlessness,Tremors,Insomina,Heart palpitation,Hypertension,Dry mouth,Psychoses,Impotence and Hepatic failure.

15)If morphorine overdose occur the emergency treatment is antidote adminisration and the antidote of morphine sulphate is naloxone .

16)a. Hydrate the client.

b.Monitor intake and output chart

c.Report the physican if any side effects occur.

d.Encourage the client to take the medications with food

e.Monitor glucose level.

17)Monitor for toxcity and before administration monitor apical pulse for one full minute.These are the nurse's proiority while administering digoxin.

18)Warfarin suppress coagulation by acting antagonist of vitamin K by inhibiting four clotting factors.To evalute the effectivenesss of warfarin, monitor  Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio.

19)Productive cough refers that when the cough cause with sputum then the cough is considered productive.

20)When there is incese in sympathetic stimulation ,the smooth muscles contracts ,squeezes the wall around the lumen,and narrows the vessels.Such decrease in the size of the lumen of a blood vessel is calle vasoconstriction.Examples of vasoconstrictors are dobutaminr,epinephrine,norepinephrine and so on.Dobutamine increases myocardial force and cardiac output through stimulation of beta receptors.Used in clients with heart failure and for clients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.epinephrine is used for cardiac stimulation in cardiac arest.