In: Biology
ndicate whether each of the following 5 statements (a-e) is TRUE or FALSE. If you think a statement is FALSE, explain exactly what is incorrect and provide the correct information.
a. TRUE / FALSE In treating B cell leukemia, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells function by binding to a B cell specific antigen, such as CD19, in the form of a peptide presented on MHC
b. TRUE / FALSE CAR T cells express a chimeric antigen receptor that is composed of a TCR extracellular domain and a CTLA-4 intracellular domain
c. TRUE / FALSE Many tumors express PD-L1 which enables tumor-infiltrating T cells that express PD1 to recognize the tumor cells and destroy them.
d. TRUE / FALSE Oncolytic virus immunotherapy involves: 1) selective viral infection of tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell death, and 2) the induction of local inflammation, leading to an amplification of systemic anti-tumor immune responses, resulting in elimination of uninfected metastatic tumors.
e. TRUE / FALSE In adoptive cell therapy for cancer, immune cells are harvested from a patient, activated in vitro or genetically engineered to enhance their anti-tumor activity, then injected back into the patient. Such cells can be used to treat other patients with the same type of cancer.
ANSWER A :-
The correct answer is TRUE (The T-cells are basically genetically engineered by means of which the above mentioned chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are being made which in turn are used in specific recognition and binding to an antigen associated with the B-cell called as CD-19 and this in turn specifies the statement to be true).
ANSWER B :-
The correct answer is FALSE (The extracellular domain is not made up of T-cell receptor but a single chain variable fragment, scFv which is a single chain antibody and is used to determine the specificity of the interaction to the target antigen whereas the intracellular domain is composed of the elements that are originated from the CD28 molecule which belongs to the CTLA-4 family although the origin of the scFv from immunoglobulins not contributing as a part of TCR makes the statement false).
ANSWER C :-
The correct answer is FALSE (The PD-1 is basically a checkpoint belonging to the CTAL-4 family and is responsible for inhibition of response of the immune system. It do interacts with the PD-L1 receptors mainly to carry out the above mentioned activity. Although, for the destruction of the cancer, there needs to be inhibition of binding of the PD-1 to their respective domains).
ANSWER D :-
The correct answer is TRUE (First of all, lets discuss the way in which the oncolytic virotherapy works. It enhances the probability of infiltration of the T-cells into the site where tumor formation has occured and this in turn is followed by release of certain chemical which in turn result in activation of specific cells called as the dendritic cells which in turn enhances the exposure of the cells of the immune system to the metastatic tumor cells).
ANSWER E :-
The correct answer is TRUE (As the cells are being isolated from a patient ans may be used in treatment of other patients by means of specifically targetting the cancer cells).
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