Question

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What are the correct description of ELISA?

A)Can be used to determine the cell types in a blood sample B)Can be used to measure cytokines in a blood sample C) all of the answers are correct D) Can be used to visualize cells after staining with secondary antibodies

Extracellular bacteria are majorly controlled by:

A) Innate immunity B) Cell-mediated responses C) CD8 T cell responses D) Humoral immune responses

Tumor-specific antigens

A)are strongly selected against by the immune system

B)trigger T-cell killing of the tumor

C) can be difficult to identify

D) all of the answers are correct

What of the following immune responses is essential to control fungal infection?

1. Innate immunity
2. Humoral responses
3. Cell-mediated responses
4. Adaptive immunity

Opportunistic agents:

1. Are fungi
2. Don’t cause diseases in a healthy person but can cause diseases in immunocomprised
3. Are viruses
4. Are bacteria

Answer 1

B.Can be used to measure cytokines in a blood sample. ELISA is a test to detect the antibodies present in the body to detect any disease. The cytokines concentration is measured in the body to determine the infection or disease.

A. Innate immunity acts against a variety of bacterial pathogens. The main role of innate immunity is to form defense against the pathogen infiltration.

B.Trigger T-cell killing of the tumor. The tumour specific antigen help to detect the cancer cells. They help in immunotherapy by helping in detection of cancer cells and triggering T cell action of killing the tumor or cancer cells.

A. Innate immunity. As explained above in case of bacteria the innate immunity are solely responsible for pathogen immunity. Thus fungal infection are defended by innate immunity mainly.

B. Don’t cause diseases in a healthy person but can cause diseases in immunocomprised. The opportunistic disease are caused by pathogens who get an opportunity when any of the defense system of body is weak. Thus they cannot infect a healthy individual. But they affect individual having weak immunity or lack of defence barriers which results in immunocomprised situation.

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