Discuss the 3 pathways of ethanol metabolism.

Solutions

Expert Solution

The process of ethanol metabolism involves three distinct enzymatic pathways.

The most significant pathway, responsible for the bulk of ethanol metabolism, is that initiated by alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH in the stomach. Humans express several ADH genes with the class I members being responsible for hepatic ethanol metabolism. The ADH enzymes are NAD+-requiring and they are expressed at high concentrations in hepatocytes. Animal cells (primarily hepatocytes) contain cytosolic ADH which oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde then enters the mitochondria where it is oxidized to acetate by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). A cytosolic ALDH exists but is responsible for only a minor amount of acetaldehyde oxidation.

The second major pathway for ethanol metabolism is the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) which involves the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1 and requires NADPH instead of NAD+ as for ADH. The MEOS pathway is induced in individuals who chronically consume alcohol.

The third pathway involves a non-oxidative pathway catalyzed by fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) synthase. This latter pathway results in the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters and takes place primarily in the liver and pancreas, both of which are highly susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol.

Oxidation of ethanol can also occur in peroxisomes via the activity of catalase. However, this oxidation pathway requires the presence of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generating system and as such plays no major role in alcohol metabolism under normal physiological conditions.

Ps- An upvote would be highly appreciated

Thanks

gladiator answered 1 year ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

Discuss the 3 pathways of ethanol metabolism

Describe the role of ethanol in cellular energy supply, the metabolism of ethanol (alcohol), the regulation...

Describe the role of ethanol in cellular energy supply, the metabolism of ethanol (alcohol), the regulation of its metabolism and the disease conditions associated with its metabolism especially - hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hepatic steatosis, Vitamin deficiency, and acetaldehyde toxicity (you should feel free to discuss other diseases that are directly related to ethanol metabolism)

1.Pathways, Metabolism & Intermolecular Interactions: List and briefly explain the three main type of biochemical pathways...

1.Pathways, Metabolism & Intermolecular Interactions: List and briefly explain the three main type of biochemical pathways Draw the full structure of ATP molecule and label one anhydride bond nucleic base nucleosides and nucleotide segments Label one electrophile and one nucleophile within the ATP molecule Circle and name the specific bond the is being cleaved during the ATP hydrolysis Draw the structure of deprotonated lactic acid Draw and label all possible intermolecular interactions between deprotonated lactic acid and water Note: be...

Describe the general pathways and end products of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in each of the...

Describe the general pathways and end products of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in each of the following mammalian tissues: a) Liver b) Adipose c) Muscle (skeletal and heart) d) Brain tissues e) Blood

Considering the Metabolic pathways of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A. Briefly evaluate the metabolism of the organism. How...

Considering the Metabolic pathways of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A. Briefly evaluate the metabolism of the organism. How do they make PMF, ATP and reducing power? Do they have a broad or a narrow metabolic capacity? B. How would deleting the TCA cycle affect this organism? C. What about a mutation in the quinol binding site of the bc1 complex (Complex III) so that it could not accept a quinol? D. What about a mutation in the gene that encodes glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase...

discuss Protein metabolism

947.Ethanol metabolism in the liver results in the increase of the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the liver...

947.Ethanol metabolism in the liver results in the increase of the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the liver cytosol. 946.In gluconeogenesis, the regulatory enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is inhibited by AMP. 945.Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase deficiency can lead to drug-induced hemolytic anemia because not enough NADH is generated. 944.Glucagon and epinephrine are similar in that both promote glycogenolysis. 943.Phosphofructokinase activity can be decreased by AMP. 942.Protein phosphatase can reverse the action of the kinase on enzymes.

Signal transduction pathways are involved in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Which of the following statements is false?...

Signal transduction pathways are involved in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Which of the following statements is false? Group of answer choices When blood sugar is high, insulin signaling inhibits gluconeogenesis and activates glycolysis by decreasing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate synthesis. Epinephrine binding to its receptor results in phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase. Glucagon stimulates an increase in blood glucose levels by activating glycogen breakdown and stimulating gluconeogenesis. Insulin signaling results in the activation of phosphatases, which remove phosphate from glycogen phosphorylase and reduces...

What pathways control glycogen metabolism? Please explain fully, show diagrams if needed

Explain the toxic effects of excessive ethanol consumption on metabolism. In your answer, explain both the...

Explain the toxic effects of excessive ethanol consumption on metabolism. In your answer, explain both the toxicity of ethanol metabolites at a molecular level and the specific effects of ethanol degradation on the major pathways we have studied (e.g., glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway, to name a few).

Subjects