9.2 Give 3 examples of equivalence relations and describe the
equivalence classes.
9.3 Let R be an equivalence relation on a set S. Prove that two
equivalence classes are either equal or do not intersect. Conclude
that S is a disjoint union of all equivalence classes.
Let R and S be equivalence relations on a set X. Which of the
following are necessarily equivalence relations?
(1)R ∩ S
(2)R \ S .
Please show me the proof. Thanks!
2. Recall that the set Q of rational numbers consists of
equivalence classes of elements of Z × Z\{0} under the equivalence
relation R defined by: (a, b)R(c, d) ⇐⇒ ad = bc. We write [a, b]
for the equivalence class of the element (a, b). Using this setup,
do the following problems: 2A. Show that the following definition
of multiplication of elements of Q makes sense (i.e. is
“well-defined”): [a, b] · [r, s] = [ar, bs]. (Recall this...
Let S1 and S2 be any two equivalence relations on some set A,
where A ≠ ∅. Recall that S1 and S2 are each a subset of A×A.
Prove or disprove (all three):
The relation S defined by S=S1∪S2 is
(a) reflexive
(b) symmetric
(c) transitive
Let X be the set of equivalence classes. So X = {[(a,b)] : a ∈
Z,b ∈ N} (recall that [(a,b)] = {(c,d) ∈Z×N : (a,b) ∼ (c,d)}).
We define an addition and a multiplication on X as follows:
[(a,b)] + [(c,d)] = [(ad + bc,bd)] and [(a,b)]·[(c,d)] =
[(ac,bd)]
Prove that this addition and multiplication is well-defined on
X.
Let X be a finite set. Describe the equivalence relation having
the greatest number of distinct equivalence classes, and the one
with the smallest number of equivalence classes.