Prove that there exist infinitely many positive real numbers
r such that the equation 2x +
3y + 5z = r has no
solution (x,y,z) ∈ Q × Q × Q.
(Hint: Is the set S
= {2x + 3y +
5z : (x,y,z) ∈ Q × Q × Q}
countable?)
Show that if (x,y,z) is a primitive Pythagorean triple, then X and
Y cannot both be even and cannot both be odd. Hint: for the odd
case, assume that there exists a primitive Pythagorean triple with
X and Y both odd. Then use the proposition "A perfect square always
leaves a remainder r=0 or r=1 when divided by 4." to produce a
contradiction.