Question

Explain how the COVID-19 virus enters the immune system and the roles of it in gene expression?

How those Covid-19 attack your cells?

Explain the Covid-19 macromolecule and its genetics

Answer 1

• The Corona virus officially called Sars-cov2-belongs to the family Coronaviridae and the order Nidovirales.
• corona viruses mainly involved in human and vertebrate diseases.Recently,Wuhan in China experienced an outbreak of of this virus and now the disease covid 19 which is caused by corona virus is declared as a pandemic by WHO.
• Corona viruses are a group of RNA viruseshaving a spherical or pleomorphic envelope and it has spike like projections on the outer surface.the average diameter of the virus particle is almost 125nm.The viral envelope posses a lipid bilayer to which the membrane,envelope,and spike structural proteins are attached.Inside the envelpoe there is the genetic material which is a single stranded RNA.
• Corona viruses contain the largest genomes among all known RNA viuses and it is about 26.4-31.7 kb.Coronavirus will may contain a minimum of six open reading frames(ORF) and it may varry according to the strain.There are 3-4 viral proteins in the membrane of the virus.Membrane Glycoprotein is the most abundant structural protein having a short NH2 terminal otside the proteins and COOH terminous inside the virion.
• Corona viruses contain specific gene inORF1 downstream regions tht encode proteins for viral multiplication,nucleocapsid and spike development.
• The virus can enter to our body through eyes,nose,or mouth so it is important to avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.
• The virus enters to the host body using the glycoprotein spike on the outer surface. The virus may infect multiple host because the the receptor binding domain is loosely attached among virus.
• Mechanism of entry of corona virus depends upon cellular protease that split the spike protein and establish further penetration changes.
• After the entyry to a cell ,it uncoats and the genome is trancsribed and later translated this involves coordinated processes of continuous and discontinuous RNA synthesis mediated by the viral replicate ,a protein encoded by the 20-kb replicase gene. After translation the envelope forms. As copies of the virus multiply,they burst out and infect neighbouring cells.
• The virus may move towards the bronchial tubes and reaches in the lungs after that ,the mucous membrane inflamed and damages the alveoli and and thus transportation of oxygen to different parts of our body and also removal of co2 will not carry out properly. when there is an nflammation,the movement of oxygen across the membrane will be more difficult and it cause areas in the lungs to fill pus,fluid and also the dead cells and it leads to pneumonia.
• At the on set of infection there will be sore throught and cough later the virus invade the body it will finally cause severe pneumonia and in the worst cases, or in the cases of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome,the patient can,t breath because the lungs fill with fluid and even ventilators cant do anything,and the patient dies.
• At present,there is no specific treatment for covid 19 while several trials are ongoing.The best way to protect the people against the virus is to keep social distancing and wash your hands frequently and thoroughly.