Question

Which of these sets of paradigms have all been supplanted or falsified?

Bateman’s principle, the theory of island biogeography, the Clementsian superorganism

food chains are short, the Clementsian superorganism, logistic population growth

food chains are short, the Clementsian superorganism, Bateman’s principle

Answer 1

option a have all falsified theories...

Bateman’s principle, the theory of island biogeography, the Clementsian superorganism. all are falsified nowdays

Batesman principles are falsified nowdays that stated that Reproductive success in male is more than a female.

Clementsian superiorganism is also falsified as in an ecosystem there is harsh competition between the speceis and they can't grow back to its full extent once wiped off completely like its initial time.

the theory of island biogeography sates that larger island will have larger bidoversity in comparison to that of smaller one. But, this also hold not a complete fact as the diversity and number of organisms in an area depend more on its favourable geographical climatic conditions , food sources and other factors.

yes, the food chains are short because very less ot no energy is available at higher trophic levels.

logistics growth models hold true in many case and population as an organism can't grow beyond its carrying capacity.