Question

Mr. Andrew Smith is a 50-year-old male, 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 265 lbs. He has gained 30 pounds in the past year. He has been diagnosed with heart disease. Testing revealed his total cholesterol is 225 mg/dL, and blood pressure is 150/95. Mr. Smith eats a diet that is high in saturated and Tran’s fats. He also complains of shortness of breath when climbing stairs. Mr. Smith meets with his physician and is started on atorvastatin. Mr. Smith is concerned because he has never taken anything besides over-the-counter medicines before. He would like to explore dietary interventions to improve his heart health. • Based on what you learned about Mr. Smith in your interview, briefly explain his modifiable risk factors for heart disease. • Based on your client’s height and weight, what is your client’s body mass index (BMI). • Discuss the recommendations that you would make for Mr. Smith’s intake of dietary fat. What foods should be limited in the diet (list 5), which heart healthy fats should be included? (List 5). • List three nutritional interventions that would improve the heart health of your client. •

Answer 1

●The modifiable risk factors are one which can be changed with lifestyle modifications. The modifiable risk factors of Mr.Smith are

• High blood pressure (150/95mmHg)
• Diet (High saturated and trans fat food)
• Severe obesity

●Body mass index is the measurement of fat in an individual.

Normal :18.5-24.9

Over weight:25-29.9

Obese:>30

Height:5'10"(177.8 or178cm) (1.78m)

Weight:265Ibs (120.2 or120kg)

BMI=WEIGHT (kg)÷HEIGHT² (m²)

= 120÷(1.78)²

=120÷3.1684

=37.8kg/m²

A BMI above 35 is called as Morbid obesity and will have health problems due to it.

●The recommendations for his dietary fats in a day should be only 45 to 79 gm  per day in order to loose weight and sustain a healthy life

The foods containing saturated fats and trans fat (most dangerous ) should be avoided to prevent long term complications

The following foods should be strictly limited

Saturated fsts (red meat,poultry,dietary products ,oils,lard,creams,butter,cheese, pork,processed meat)

Trans fsts (fast food,cakes,biscuits,margarine,candies,cookies)

The heart healthy foods to be included in the diet are

• Monounsaturated fat (avocados,almonds,peanut,cashew,cooking oil made from plants or seeds)
• Polyunsaturated fats (walnuts, sunflower seeds,Fish-salmon,herring,mackerel, corn oil, safflower oil

●Nutritional intervention

• Consume <16gm of saturated fats to reduce the risk of heart diseases
• Replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats
• Diet rich in healthy protein and less carbohydrates, fats as to be followed
• Drink plenty of water to flush out body toxins
• Reduce sodium intake
• DASH diet containing vegetables and fruits,low fat diary products,whole grains yo reduce high blood pressure