In: Accounting
Walsh Company manufactures and sells one product. The following information pertains to each of the company’s first two years of operations:
Variable costs per unit: | ||
Manufacturing: | ||
Direct materials | $ | 23 |
Direct labor | $ | 17 |
Variable manufacturing overhead | $ | 5 |
Variable selling and administrative | $ | 4 |
Fixed costs per year: | ||
Fixed manufacturing overhead | $ | 320,000 |
Fixed selling and administrative expenses | $ | 80,000 |
During its first year of operations, Walsh produced 50,000 units and sold 40,000 units. During its second year of operations, it produced 40,000 units and sold 50,000 units. The selling price of the company’s product is $54 per unit.
Required:
1. Assume the company uses variable costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2.
b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2.
2. Assume the company uses absorption costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2.
b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2.
3. Reconcile the difference between variable costing and absorption costing net operating income in Year 1.
Requirement 1a
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Direct materials | $23 | $23 |
Direct labor | 17 | 17 |
Variable manufacturing overhead | 5 | 5 |
Unit product cost | $45 | $45 |
1(b)
Variable costing Income Statement | ||
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Sales | $2,160,000 (40,000*$54) | $2,700,000 (50,000*$54) |
Less: Variable costs: | ||
Variable cost of goods sold |
1,800,000 (40,000*$45) |
2,250,000 (50,000*$45) |
Variable selling and administrative expenses | 160,000 (40,000*$4) | 200,000 (50,000*$4) |
Total variable costs | 1,960,000 | 2,450,000 |
Contribution margin | 200,000 | 250,000 |
Less: Fixed costs: | ||
Fixed manufacturing overhead | 320,000 | 320,000 |
Fixed selling and administrative expenses | 80,000 | 80,000 |
Total fixed costs | 400,000 | 400,000 |
Net opearting income | $(200,000) | $(150,000) |
Requirement 2:-
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Direct materials | $23 | $23 |
Direct labor | 17 | 17 |
Variable manufacturing overhead | 5 | 5 |
Fixed manufacturing overhead | 6.4 (320,000/50,000) | 8 (320,000/40,000) |
Unit product cost | $51.4 | $53 |
Absorption Costing Income Statement | ||
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Sales | $2,160,000 | $2,700,000 |
Cost of goods sold: | ||
Beginning inventory | 0 | 514000 |
Add: Cost of goods manufactured |
2,570,000(50,000*$51.4) | 2,120,000(40,000*$53) |
Less: Ending inventory |
514,000 (10,000*$51.4) |
0 |
Cost of goods sold | 2,056,000 | 2,634,000 |
Gross profit | 104,000 | 66000 |
Selling and administrative expenses: | ||
Variable selling and administrative expenses |
160,000 (40,000*$4) |
200,000 (50,000*$4) |
Fixed selling and administrative expenses | 80,000 | 80,000 |
Total selling and administrative expenses | 240,000 | 280,000 |
Net operating income | $(136,000) | $(214000) |
Requirement 3:-
Year 1 | Year 2 | |
Net operating income as per variable costing income statement | $(200,000) | $(150,000) |
Add: Fixed manufacturing overhead deferred in ending inventory (10,000*$6.4) | 64,000 | |
Less: Fixed manufacturing overhead released from ending inventory | (64,000) | |
Net operating income as per absorption costing income statement | $(136,000) | $(214,000) |