Question

ased on the topic study materials, in 300-400 words, respond to the following prompts:

1. Briefly describe the cultural, sociological, philosophical, and religious aspects of the term spirituality.
2. Describe the relevance of spirituality in the context of health care and wellness.
3. Briefly describe the concepts of scientism and postmodernism.
4. Describe relevance of scientism and postmodernism in the context of health care and wellness.

Answer 1

Spirituality can be defined as the quality of being concerned with the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things.

CULTURAL ASPECT OF SPIRITUALITY

Spirituality is a deeply intuitive, but not always consciously expressed, sense of connectedness to the world in which we live. Its most common cultural representation is religion, an institutionalised system of belief and ritual worship that usually centres on a supernatural god or gods.Culture makes a significant difference in how people experience spirituality, according to new Stanford research. ... Luhrmann's research examined how the presence of a specific cultural name for a mental or bodily sensation may affect that sensation within a specific cultural and social setting.

SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTOF SPIRITUALITY

Sociology also studies spirituality, which may be defined as individual and group efforts to find meaning for existence within or independent of organized religion. ... Sociology also examines conditions associated with the rise of religious fundamentalism.

PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT OF SPIRITUALITY

Philosophy is based on a cognitive and rational approach to seeking "truth" about human existence and experience. Spirituality is based on an affective and emotional approach to seeking "truth" about human existence and experience.Erickson also believe that Philosophy, within somewhat restricted scope, also performs the second function, weighing the truth-claims advanced by theology and giving part of the basis for accepting the message. Thus Philosophy may serve to justify in part the endeavor in which theology or spirituality is engaged.

RELIGIOUS ASPECT OF PHILOSOPHY

The truth is, a spiritual person may also be religious; and a religious person may be very spiritual. You can practice your personal blend of religion and spirituality by living spiritual truths within the parameters of your own religion.

No one really knows for sure how spirituality is related to health. ... Improving your spiritual health may not cure an illness, but it may help you feel ..

Scientism is the promotion of science as the best or only objective means by which society should determine normative and epistemological values.

Postmodernism is a broad movement that developed in the mid- to late 20th century across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism, marking a departure from modernism. The term has been more generally applied to describe a historical era said to follow after modernity and the tendencies of this era.

Medical scientism could be defined as an approach to medical. practice that regards the scientific understanding of the disease as the onlyrelevant issue, whilst ignoring any other factors.

Postmodern cultural values have seriously impacted medical care and the patient-physician relationship. ... These include individualizing medical care for particular patient characteristics, making accurate diagnoses, and establishing meaningful rapport with patients.

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